Inhaltsverzeichnis

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Acknowledgments
21
Preface
23
1 Financial Accounting in SAP Financials
29
1.1 SAP ERP 6.0
29
1.1.1 Enhancement Package 7 for SAP ERP 6.0
31
1.1.2 SAP Fiori
33
1.2 SAP ERP Financials
34
1.2.1 Key Functionality
34
1.2.2 Business Benefits
36
1.3 Financial Accounting
37
1.3.1 What’s New
38
1.3.2 Components
40
1.4 Summary
43
2 New General Ledger
45
2.1 New G/L Architecture
46
2.1.1 Totals Table
47
2.1.2 Ledger-Specific Line Item Tables
48
2.1.3 Table for Storing Valuations for Year-End Closing in Selected Parallel Ledgers (BSEG_ADD)
48
2.2 New Features in New G/L
49
2.2.1 Ledger Concept
50
2.2.2 Functionality
52
2.3 Summary
62
3 Customizing SAP
65
3.1 The Implementation Guide
66
3.1.1 IMG Settings
66
3.1.2 IMG Variants
68
3.1.3 Logical Components of IMG
69
3.2 Creating a Customizing Project
71
3.3 Alternate Method to Customizing through IMG
76
3.4 Summary
77
4 Enterprise Structure
79
4.1 Organizational Units in Financial Accounting
80
4.2 Localize Sample Organizational Units
81
4.3 Define Company
85
4.4 Define Company Code
88
4.4.1 Create Company Code without Copying from an Existing Company Code
91
4.4.2 Create Company Code by Copying an Existing Company Code
94
4.4.3 Assign Company Code to Company
96
4.5 Define Credit Control Area
97
4.5.1 Centralized Credit Management
98
4.5.2 Decentralized Credit Management
99
4.5.3 Mixed Credit Management
100
4.5.4 Assign Company Code to Credit Control Area
104
4.6 Define Business Area
105
4.7 Define Segments
109
4.8 Define Financial Management Area
111
4.9 Define Functional Area
116
4.10 Define Controlling Area
118
4.10.1 Create New Controlling Area
119
4.10.2 Assign Controlling Area to Company Code
122
4.11 Define Profit Centers
124
4.12 Summary
129
5 Financial Accounting Global Settings (New): Company Code Global Parameters
131
5.1 Activate New General Ledger Accounting
131
5.2 Fiscal Year and Posting Periods
133
5.2.1 Maintain Fiscal Year Variant (Maintain Shortened Fiscal Year)
138
5.2.2 Define Variants for Open Posting Periods
143
5.2.3 Open and Close Posting Periods
145
5.3 Settings for Standard Fields
148
5.3.1 Maintain Transaction Types for Consolidation
148
5.3.2 Activate Cost of Sales Accounting for Preparation
151
5.3.3 Enter Functional Area
152
5.4 Settings for Customer Fields
153
5.4.1 Edit Coding Block
153
5.4.2 Include Fields in a Totals Table
156
5.4.3 Define Master Data Check
157
5.4.4 Include Customer Fields in Enjoy Transactions
159
5.4.5 Define Subscreens for Coding Blocks
160
5.5 Field Status
161
5.5.1 Define Field Status Variants
164
5.5.2 Assign Company Code to Field Status Variants
165
5.6 Ledgers for G/L Accounting
166
5.6.1 Define Ledgers for G/L Accounting
167
5.6.2 Define Currencies of Leading Ledger
168
5.6.3 Define and Activate Non-Leading Ledgers
171
5.6.4 Define Ledger Group
172
5.6.5 Display Scenarios for G/L Accounting
174
5.6.6 Activate Cost of Sales Accounting
177
5.7 Parallel Accounting
178
5.7.1 Define Accounting Principles
178
5.7.2 Assign Accounting Principle to Ledger Groups
179
5.7.3 Assign Valuation Areas and Accounting Principles
180
5.8 Real-Time Integration of CO with FI
182
5.8.1 Define Variants for Real-Time Integration
183
5.8.2 Assign Variants for Real-Time Integration to Company Codes
185
5.9 Chart of Accounts
185
5.9.1 Revise Chart of Accounts
188
5.9.2 Assign Company Code to Chart of Accounts
189
5.10 Enter Company Code Global Parameters
190
5.11 Summary
197
6 Financial Accounting Global Settings (New): Documents
199
6.1 Document Components
200
6.2 Document Types
204
6.2.1 Define Document Types for Entry View
205
6.2.2 Define Document Types for Entry View in a Ledger
209
6.2.3 Define Document Types for General Ledger View
209
6.3 Document Numbering
210
6.3.1 Types of Number Assignment
210
6.3.2 Number Range Validity
211
6.3.3 Changing/Deleting Number Ranges
212
6.3.4 Number Range for Reversal Documents
213
6.3.5 Number Range for Special Documents
213
6.3.6 Document Storage
213
6.3.7 Define Document Number Ranges for Entry View
214
6.4 Screen Variants for Document Entry
217
6.5 Document Change Rules
217
6.5.1 Document Change Rules, Document Header
218
6.5.2 Document Change Rules, Line Item
218
6.6 Posting Keys
219
6.7 Tolerance Groups
221
6.7.1 Define Tolerance Groups for Employees
222
6.7.2 Assign Users to Tolerance Groups
226
6.8 Define Texts for Line Items
227
6.9 Default Values
228
6.9.1 Define Default Values
229
6.9.2 Enable Fiscal Year Default
230
6.9.3 Default Value Date
230
6.9.4 Change Message Control for Document Processing
231
6.10 Document Parking
232
6.10.1 Change Posting Date for Parking Documents
232
6.10.2 Develop Enhancements for Parking Documents
233
6.11 Validation and Substitution in Accounting Documents
234
6.11.1 Validation in Accounting Documents
234
6.11.2 Substitution in Accounting Documents
236
6.12 Account Document Archiving
238
6.12.1 Archiving, Account Type Life
238
6.12.2 Archiving, Document Life
240
6.13 Summary
241
7 Financial Accounting Global Settings (New): Tax, Inflation Accounting, and Correspondence
243
7.1 Tax on Sales and Purchases
244
7.1.1 Basic Settings
245
7.1.2 Calculation
261
7.1.3 Posting
267
7.2 Withholding Tax
269
7.2.1 Activate Extended Withholding Tax
271
7.2.2 Basic Settings
271
7.2.3 Calculation
274
7.2.4 Posting
287
7.2.5 Certificate Numbering for Withholding Tax
289
7.2.6 Report
292
7.2.7 Withholding Tax Changeover
296
7.3 Inflation Accounting
300
7.3.1 Configuration Settings
301
7.3.2 Inflation Calculation
305
7.4 Correspondence
306
7.4.1 Using Correspondence Types
306
7.4.2 Assign Programs for Correspondence Types
307
7.4.3 Define Sender Details for Correspondence Form
308
7.4.4 Determine Call-Up Functions
309
7.4.5 Develop Enhancements for Correspondence
309
7.5 Integration with SAP Shared Services Framework
310
7.5.1 Manual Creation of Service Requests
311
7.5.2 Automatic Creation of a Service Request at the Message Level
312
7.5.3 Determine Service Request Attributes from Application Context
312
7.5.4 Set Service Request Values
314
7.6 Summary
314
8 General Ledger Accounting (New)
317
8.1 G/L Account Master Data
318
8.1.1 Preparations
319
8.1.2 G/L Account Creation and Processing
325
8.1.3 Cost Elements/Cost Element Groups
339
8.1.4 Statistical Key Figures
341
8.2 Business Transactions
342
8.2.1 Adjustment Posting and Reversal
342
8.2.2 Bank Account Interest Calculation
344
8.2.3 Prepare Cross-Company Code Transactions
358
8.2.4 Document Splitting
361
8.2.5 Manual Accrual
371
8.2.6 Open Item Clearing
387
8.3 Periodic Processing
397
8.3.1 Planning
397
8.3.2 Closing Operations
404
8.4 Reorganization
409
8.4.1 Prerequisites for a Reorganization
411
8.4.2 Segment Reorganization
414
8.4.3 Profit Center Reorganization
414
8.5 Preparation for Productive Start
415
8.5.1 New Implementation
415
8.5.2 Migration from Classic G/L to New G/L Accounting
416
8.6 Tools
423
8.7 DataSources in New G/L Accounting
425
8.8 Reporting
426
8.9 Summary
428
9 Accounts Payable (FI-A/P)
431
9.1 Vendor Master Data
432
9.1.1 Function and Structure
433
9.1.2 Preparatory Settings to Create Master Data
434
9.1.3 Creation of Vendor Master Records
438
9.2 Business Transactions
443
9.2.1 Maintain Terms of Payment
443
9.2.2 Define Cash Discount Base for Incoming Invoices
447
9.2.3 Release for Payment
447
9.3 Outgoing Payments
455
9.3.1 Global Settings
456
9.3.2 Manual Outgoing Payments
460
9.3.3 Automatic Outgoing Payments
466
9.3.4 Define Payment Forms
487
9.4 Reporting
490
9.5 Summary
491
10 Accounts Receivable (FI-A/R)
493
10.1 Customer Account Master Data
494
10.1.1 Structure
494
10.1.2 Prepare for Creating Customer Masters
495
10.1.3 Creating Customer Master Records
501
10.2 Business Transactions
506
10.2.1 Maintain Terms of Payment
506
10.2.2 Define Cash Discount Base for Outgoing Invoices
507
10.2.3 Define Tax Accounts for Outgoing Invoices
507
10.2.4 Incoming Payments
508
10.2.5 Payments with Payment Cards
512
10.2.6 Down Payment Received
515
10.2.7 Debit- and Credit-Side Down Payment Chains
516
10.3 Credit Management
523
10.3.1 Assign Permitted Credit Control Areas to Company Code
524
10.3.2 Define Preliminary Settings for Credit Management
524
10.3.3 Define Groups
527
10.3.4 Define Risk Categories
528
10.3.5 Define Credit Representative Groups
528
10.3.6 Define Credit Representatives
529
10.3.7 Define Intervals for Days in Arrears in Credit Management
530
10.3.8 Credit Check: Static and Dynamic
531
10.4 Interest Calculation
533
10.4.1 Prepare Interest on Arrears Calculation
533
10.4.2 Prepare Item Interest Calculation
535
10.5 Dunning
536
10.5.1 Define Dunning Keys
539
10.5.2 Define Dunning Block Reasons
540
10.5.3 Define Dunning Forms
541
10.5.4 Define Dunning Procedures
542
10.5.5 Define Dunning Areas
553
10.5.6 Generate List for Dunning Configuration
554
10.6 Document Reconciliation
555
10.6.1 Parameters for Document Reconciliation
556
10.6.2 Local Intercompany Document Reconciliation
556
10.6.3 Cross-System Intercompany Document Reconciliation
557
10.7 Closing Operations for A/R and A/P
561
10.7.1 Balance Carryforward
561
10.7.2 Balance Confirmation
562
10.7.3 Transfer/Sort Receivables and Payables
566
10.7.4 Value Adjustment
571
10.8 Analytics for A/R
573
10.8.1 Components of SAP A/R Rapid Mart
574
10.8.2 Analysis Supported
575
10.9 Reporting
578
10.10 Summary
578
11 Contract Accounts Receivable and Payable (FI-CA)
581
11.1 Organizational Units
582
11.1.1 Set Up Company Code for Contract Accounts Receivable and Payable
582
11.1.2 Define Company Code Groups
584
11.1.3 Assign Company Codes to Company Code Groups
584
11.2 Basic Functions
585
11.2.1 Activate Additional Checks for Master Data Changes to a Business Partner
585
11.2.2 Contract Accounts
586
11.2.3 Postings and Documents
590
11.2.4 Open Item Management
595
11.2.5 Check Management
596
11.3 Business Transactions
597
11.3.1 Payments
597
11.3.2 Interest Calculation
600
11.3.3 Define Dunning Procedure
602
11.3.4 Configure Returns Reasons
602
11.4 Integration
603
11.4.1 Define Posting Specifications for General Ledger Transfer
603
11.4.2 Sales and Distribution
604
11.4.3 Cash Management
605
11.5 Information System
607
11.6 Summary
607
12 Bank Accounting (FI-BL)
609
12.1 Bank Master Data
609
12.1.1 Bank Directory
609
12.1.2 House Banks
611
12.1.3 Define a Business Partner’s Bank
617
12.1.4 Define Lockboxes for House Banks
617
12.2 Bank Chains
619
12.2.1 Define Scenario
620
12.2.2 Activate Scenario
621
12.2.3 Create General Bank Chain
621
12.2.4 Define Partner-Specific Bank Chains
622
12.3 Business Transactions
622
12.3.1 Manual Bank Statement
623
12.3.2 Electronic Bank Statement
628
12.3.3 Lockbox Processing
631
12.3.4 Cash Journal
633
12.4 Summary
638
13 Asset Accounting (FI-AA)
641
13.1 Organization Structures
642
13.1.1 Check Country-Specific Settings
642
13.1.2 Chart of Depreciation
644
13.2 Structuring Fixed Assets in FI-AA
650
13.3 Asset Classes
652
13.3.1 Generate Asset Classes from G/L Accounts (One-to-One)
653
13.3.2 Manual Creation of Asset Classes
656
13.4 Valuation
662
13.4.1 Define Depreciation Areas
662
13.4.2 Specify Transfer of APC Values
666
13.4.3 Specify Transfer of Depreciation Terms
667
13.4.4 Set Up Areas for Parallel Valuation
668
13.4.5 Define Depreciation Areas for Foreign Currencies
669
13.4.6 Specify the Use of Parallel Currencies
670
13.4.7 Determine Depreciation Areas in the Asset Class
670
13.4.8 Specify Maximum Amount for Low-Value Assets and Asset Classes
671
13.4.9 Specify Rounding of Net Book Value and/or Depreciation
673
13.4.10 Specify Changeover Amount
674
13.4.11 Specify Memo Value
674
13.5 Integrating FI-AA with the General Ledger (FI-G/L)
676
13.5.1 Define How Depreciation Areas Post to G/L
676
13.5.2 Assign G/L Accounts
677
13.5.3 Specify Posting Keys for Asset Posting
678
13.5.4 Assign Input Tax Indicator for Non-Taxable Acquisitions
679
13.5.5 Change the Field Status Variant of the Asset G/L Accounts
679
13.5.6 Specify Financial Statement Version for Asset Reports
680
13.5.7 Specify Document Type for Posting Depreciation
681
13.5.8 Specify Intervals and Posting Rules
682
13.5.9 Activate Account Assignment Objects
683
13.5.10 Specify Account Assignment Types for Account Assignment Objects
685
13.6 Depreciation
687
13.6.1 Depreciation Keys
688
13.6.2 Maintain Depreciation Key
691
13.6.3 Ordinary Depreciation
695
13.6.4 Special Depreciation
696
13.6.5 Unplanned Depreciation
697
13.7 Special Valuation
697
13.7.1 Reserves for Special Depreciation
697
13.7.2 Interest
698
13.7.3 Revaluation of Fixed Assets
699
13.8 Master Data: Screen Layout
702
13.8.1 Define Screen Layout for Asset Master Data
702
13.8.2 Define Screen Layout for Asset Depreciation Areas
704
13.8.3 Specify Tab Layout for Asset Master Record
706
13.9 Transactions
706
13.9.1 Define Transaction Types
707
13.9.2 Define Account Assignment Category for Asset Purchase Orders
708
13.9.3 Assign Accounts
709
13.9.4 Allow Down Payment Transaction Types in Asset Classes
709
13.9.5 Capitalization of Assets under Construction
709
13.10 Legacy Asset Data Transfer
711
13.10.1 Set Company Code Status
712
13.10.2 Specify the Sequence of Depreciation Areas
713
13.10.3 Time of Transfer and Data Transfer Parameters
713
13.10.4 Asset Data Transfer Methods
717
13.10.5 Special Considerations
719
13.11 Preparing for Production Startup
723
13.11.1 Maintain Authorizations
723
13.11.2 Assign Workflow Tasks
724
13.11.3 Check Consistency
725
13.11.4 Overview for Experts
726
13.11.5 Production Startup
727
13.12 Processing for Leased Assets
729
13.12.1 Acquisition of Leased Assets
730
13.12.2 Lease Payments
731
13.12.3 Retirement of Leased Assets
731
13.13 Processing for Closing
732
13.13.1 Depreciation Posting
732
13.13.2 Physical Inventory
735
13.13.3 Fiscal Year Change
736
13.13.4 Simulation
737
13.13.5 Year-End Closing
737
13.14 Customer Enhancements in FI-AA
738
13.15 Information System
739
13.15.1 Define Sort Versions for Asset Reports
740
13.15.2 Define Simulation Variants for Depreciation Reports
741
13.15.3 Asset History Sheet
742
13.16 Summary
744
14 Consolidation Preparation (New)
747
14.1 General Specifications
748
14.1.1 Assign Scenarios and Customer Fields to Ledgers
748
14.1.2 G/L and FS Charts of Accounts
749
14.1.3 Transaction Types
755
14.2 Company Consolidation
757
14.2.1 Master Data Assignments
757
14.2.2 Maintain Document Types for Transaction Processing
759
14.3 Summary
760
15 Lease Accounting (FI-LA)
761
15.1 Lease Accounting Engine (FI-LAE)
762
15.2 Basic Settings
764
15.2.1 Assign Accounting Principles to Company Code
764
15.2.2 Create Company Code Grouping Key
765
15.2.3 Assign Company Code to Grouping Key
765
15.2.4 Assign Interest Calculation Method to Company Code
766
15.2.5 Specify Dates for Postings
767
15.3 Value Determination
768
15.3.1 Settings for Value Transfer
768
15.3.2 Value Determination Using Determination Method
772
15.3.3 Value Determination Using Substitution
773
15.4 Complete Mandatory Settings in Customizing
774
15.5 Reports
775
15.6 Summary
776
16 Travel Management (FI-TV)
777
16.1 Travel Management Process Flow
778
16.2 Set Up Travel Management
780
16.3 Set Up Trip Number Ranges
782
16.4 Travel Request
784
16.4.1 Define Other Travel Services
785
16.4.2 Define Travel Mediums and Estimated Costs to Be Approved
786
16.5 Travel Planning
788
16.5.1 Master Data
788
16.5.2 Rates and Discounts
793
16.5.3 Trip Rules and Profiles
796
16.5.4 Travel Policy
800
16.5.5 Process Control
803
16.6 Travel Expenses
805
16.6.1 Master Data
806
16.6.2 Trip Reimbursement Amounts
811
16.6.3 Wage Types for Interfaces
813
16.6.4 Transfer to Accounting
814
16.7 Employee Self-Service (ESS)
816
16.8 Manager Self-Service (MSS)
817
16.9 Mobile Travel Expenses (MTR)
819
16.10 Integration of Travel Planning and Travel Expenses
820
16.10.1 Activate Request/Plan/Expense Report in Travel Manager and for Web Dynpro
820
16.10.2 Activate Integration: Travel Planning—Travel Expenses
820
16.11 Integration of Travel Management and Payroll
821
16.12 Workflow Scenarios in FI-TV
822
16.13 Reports
824
16.14 Summary
825
17 SAP Upgrade and Migration
827
17.1 SAP Upgrade
827
17.1.1 Technical and Functional Upgrade
828
17.1.2 SAP Enhancement Packages, SAP Support Packages, and SAP Support Package Stacks
828
17.2 Upgrade Strategy
830
17.3 Role of SAP Solution Manager in an SAP Upgrade
831
17.4 Upgrade Tools
832
17.4.1 Tools for Upgrades/Enhancement Package Implementation
833
17.4.2 Technical Upgrade/Implementation Tools
834
17.4.3 Change Management Tools
835
17.4.4 Testing Tools
836
17.5 Upgrade Process
838
17.5.1 System Preparation
838
17.5.2 SPDD Adjustments
838
17.5.3 System Upgrade to SAP ERP 6.0
840
17.5.4 SPAU Adjustments
840
17.5.5 ABAP Remediation of Custom Developments
842
17.5.6 Testing and Issue Resolution
843
17.5.7 Cut-Over and Go-Live
843
17.5.8 Post Go-Live Support
843
17.6 Best Practices
843
17.7 Pitfalls and Issues
844
17.8 Migration
845
17.9 Summary
847
18 SAP Fiori
849
18.1 Types of SAP Fiori Apps
849
18.2 Implementing SAP Fiori
850
18.3 SAP Fiori for Smartphone/Tablet
852
18.3.1 Installation
853
18.3.2 SAP Fiori Launchpad
853
18.4 SAP Fiori Apps
855
18.4.1 Apps for Accounting
855
18.4.2 Apps Catalog
857
18.5 SAP Screen Personas
861
18.5.1 Flavors in SAP Screen Personas
862
18.5.2 SAP Fiori and SAP Screen Personas
862
18.6 Summary
863
19 Maintenance Tools
865
19.1 Factory Calendar
865
19.1.1 Define Factory Calendar per Currency
869
19.1.2 Assign Factory Calendar to Plants
869
19.1.3 Factory Calendar and Room Reservation Management
870
19.2 Schedule Manager
870
19.2.1 The User Interface
871
19.2.2 Individual Functions
874
19.3 Closing Cockpit
876
19.3.1 Schedule Manager vs. Closing Cockpit
876
19.3.2 Components
877
19.3.3 Transactions
877
19.3.4 Configuration: Process Flow
878
19.4 Conclusion
883
The Author
885
Index
887