1 Introduction to Financial Accounting

15

1.1 Defining the Organizational Structure

16

1.1.1 Company

18

1.1.2 Company Code

19

1.1.3 Credit Control Area

21

1.1.4 Segment

22

1.1.5 Profit Center

23

1.1.6 Business Area

24

1.1.7 Functional Area

25

1.1.8 Financial Management Area

26

1.2 Assigning Organizational Structures

27

1.2.1 Company Code to Company

29

1.2.2 Company Code to Credit Control Area

30

1.2.3 Company Code to Financial Management Area

30

1.2.4 Profit Centers to Company Code

31

1.3 Making Cross-Modular Assignments

32

1.3.1 Company Code to Controlling Area

33

1.3.2 Plants to Company Code

35

1.3.3 Sales Organization to Company Code

37

1.3.4 Purchasing Organization to Company Code

38

1.3.5 Personnel Area to Company Code

39

1.4 Summary

41

2 Financial Accounting Master Data

43

2.1 General Ledger Accounts

44

2.1.1 Chart of Accounts

45

2.1.2 G/L General Data

46

2.1.3 G/L Company Code Data

48

2.2 Vendor Accounts

51

2.2.1 Vendor General Data

52

2.2.2 Vendor Company Code Data

55

2.3 Customer Accounts

58

2.3.1 Customer General Data

59

2.3.2 Customer Company Code Data

62

2.4 Fixed Assets

64

2.5 Banks

67

2.6 Summary

68

3 General Ledger Transactions

71

3.1 Journal Vouchers

72

3.1.1 Document Entry

72

3.1.2 Post, Park, Save as Complete, and Hold

76

3.1.3 Tree Display

87

3.1.4 Using Screen Variants and Account Assignment Templates

90

3.1.5 Controlling Document Entry with Editing Options

95

3.1.6 Post with Reference

104

3.2 Post with Clearing

112

3.3 Resetting and Reversing Documents

117

3.4 Changing and Displaying Documents

126

3.5 Relationship Browser

133

3.6 Reference Documents

134

3.6.1 Account Assignment Models

135

3.6.2 Recurring Documents

138

3.6.3 Sample Documents

144

3.7 Summary

147

4 General Ledger Account Inquiries

149

4.1 Account Displays

149

4.1.1 Account Balance

150

4.1.2 Account Line Items

152

4.2 Reports and Queries

156

4.3 Summary

160

5 Accounts Payable Processes

161

5.1 Logistics

162

5.1.1 Create Purchase Requisition

163

5.1.2 Purchase Orders

163

5.1.3 Inbound Delivery/Post Goods Receipt/Invoice Receipt

164

5.1.4 Automatic Creation of Accounting Invoice

167

5.2 Create Direct Invoices

169

5.3 Issue Outgoing Payments

170

5.4 Process Exceptions

173

5.4.1 Credit Memos

173

5.4.2 Document Reversals

175

5.4.3 Change Posted Documents

176

5.5 Summary

177

6 Accounts Payable Transactions

179

6.1 Vendor Invoices

180

6.1.1 Document Entry

180

6.1.2 Post, Park, Save as Complete, and Hold

184

6.1.3 Tree Display

196

6.1.4 Using Screen Variants and Account Assignment Templates

200

6.1.5 Controlling Document Entry with Editing Options

206

6.1.6 Post with Reference

215

6.2 Credit Memos

223

6.3 Down Payments Sent

227

6.4 Resetting and Reversing Documents

230

6.5 Changing and Displaying Documents

239

6.6 Issuing Outgoing Payments

245

6.7 Summary

249

7 The Automated Payment Program Process

251

7.1 The Automated Payment Program Process

252

7.1.1 Maintain Parameters.

253

7.1.2 Create Payment Proposal

256

7.1.3 Execute Payment Run

258

7.2 Additional Settings

261

7.2.1 Free Selection

261

7.2.2 Additional Logs

266

7.2.3 Variants for Data Medium

268

7.3 Automatic Payment Run Inquiries

273

7.3.1 Proposal Lists

273

7.3.2 Payment Lists

276

7.4 Summary

277

8 Accounts Payable Account Inquiries

279

8.1 Vendor Account Displays

280

8.1.1 Vendor Account Balance

280

8.1.2 Vendor Account Line Items

282

8.2 Due Date Analysis

286

8.3 Payment History

287

8.4 Check Register

290

8.5 Reports and Queries

296

8.6 Summary

301

9 Accounts Receivable Processes

303

9.1 Logistics

304

9.1.1 Sales Orders

307

9.1.2 Outbound Deliveries

308

9.1.3 Billing Documents

309

9.1.4 Automatic Creation of Accounting Invoice

310

9.2 Direct Invoices

311

9.2.1 Outside Sales Ordering System

312

9.2.2 No Sales Order Exists

312

9.2.3 Miscellaneous Receivables

312

9.3 Customer Account Maintenance and Incoming Payments

313

9.4 Process Exceptions

314

9.4.1 Credit Memos

314

9.4.2 Document Reversals

315

9.4.3 Change Posted Documents

317

9.5 Summary

318

10 Accounts Receivable Transactions

321

10.1 Customer Invoices

321

10.1.1 Document Entry

322

10.1.2 Post, Park, Save as Complete, and Hold

326

10.1.3 Tree Display

338

10.1.4 Using Screen Variants and Account Assignment Templates

340

10.1.5 Controlling Document Entry with Editing Options

346

10.1.6 Post with Reference

355

10.2 Credit Memos

363

10.3 Down Payments Received

367

10.4 Resetting and Reversing Documents

372

10.5 Changing and Displaying Documents

380

10.6 Process Incoming Payments

386

10.7 Dunning

390

10.8 Credit Management

394

10.9 Summary

394

11 Accounts Receivable Account Inquiries

397

11.1 Customer Account Displays

398

11.1.1 Customer Account Balance

398

11.1.2 Customer Account Line Items

400

11.2 Customer Analysis

404

11.3 Reports and Queries

411

11.4 Uses for Customer Inquiries

416

11.5 Summary

417

12 Fixed Asset Processes

419

12.1 The Fixed Asset Lifecycle

420

12.1.1 Stages of the Asset Lifecycle

420

12.1.2 Structure of FI-AA Application Menu

422

12.1.3 FI-AA Configuration

424

12.1.4 Depreciation

426

12.2 Asset Acquisition

427

12.2.1 Fixed Asset Acquisition Types

427

12.2.2 External Asset Acquisition with Purchase Order

429

12.2.3 Internal Acquisition

431

12.2.4 Assets under Construction and Settlements

432

12.3 Summary

433

13 Fixed Asset Transactions

435

13.1 Creating an Asset

435

13.2 Changing, Displaying, and Locking

444

13.3 Navigating the Asset Explorer

453

13.4 Transfers

457

13.5 Retirement

461

13.6 Value Adjustments

461

13.7 Depreciation

462

13.8 Summary

467

14 Fixed Asset Posting Logic

469

14.1 General Ledger Accounts

470

14.1.1 Balance Sheet Accounts

470

14.1.2 Profit and Loss Accounts

472

14.2 Asset Classes

473

14.3 Account Determinations

475

14.4 Reports and Tools

481

14.5 Summary

488

15 Bank Master Data and Processes

491

15.1 Bank Master Data

492

15.1.1 Vendor and Customer Bank Data

492

15.1.2 House Banks

495

15.2 Structuring Bank Accounts in the G/L

500

15.2.1 Bank Balance Sheet Accounts

501

15.2.2 Bank G/L Clearing Accounts

503

15.3 Bank Reconciliation

505

15.3.1 Electronic Bank Statements

505

15.3.2 Manual Bank Statements

510

15.4 Post Processing of Electronic Bank Statements

512

15.5 Summary

517

16 Financial Close Processes

519

16.1 Opening and Closing Financial Periods

520

16.2 Balance Carryforward

522

16.3 Fixed Assets

526

16.4 Periodic Processing

530

16.5 Foreign Currency Valuations

535

16.6 GR/IR Clearing

536

16.7 Depreciation

540

16.8 Summary

541

17 Integrated Financial Close in SAP ERP

543

17.1 Integrated Financial Close and Cost Accounting

544

17.1.1 CO Period Locks

544

17.1.2 Other CO Close Activities

550

17.2 Integrated Financial Close and Materials Management

551

17.2.1 MM Period Maintenance

551

17.2.2 Other MM Close Activities

556

17.3 Integrated Financial Close and Sales and Distribution

558

17.4 Summary

558

Appendices

561

A The New General Ledger

563

A.1 Flexibility and Extensibility

564

A.2 Activation of the New G/L

565

A.3 Ledgers

566

A.4 Document Splitting

572

A.5 Segments

576

A.6 Profit Center Accounting

578

A.7 Summary

580

B Important Tables in Financial Accounting

583

C The Author

587