Inhaltsverzeichnis

Alle Kapitel aufklappen
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Preface
25
About This Book
26
Target Audience and Objective
26
Structure of This Book
27
Acknowledgments
33
Introduction
35
Evolution of the Chief Financial Officer
36
Benefits of SAP S/4HANA Finance
37
Functional Changes with SAP S/4HANA Finance
40
System Architecture with SAP S/4HANA Finance
42
Summary
44
PART I Defining the SAP S/4HANA Journey
45
1 Selecting Your SAP S/4HANA Finance Project
47
1.1 Value Creation with SAP S/4HANA
49
1.1.1 Growth
49
1.1.2 Profitability
49
1.1.3 Agility
50
1.2 Alignment with Key Stakeholders
51
1.3 Transformation through the Lens of C-Suite Executives
53
1.3.1 Chief Executive Officer
54
1.3.2 Chief Financial Officer
55
1.3.3 Chief Information Officer
56
1.4 Executive Decision-Making Process
57
1.4.1 Greenfield versus Brownfield Projects
57
1.4.2 System Conversion
64
1.4.3 New Implementation
66
1.4.4 Central Finance
66
1.4.5 Data Transition
67
1.4.6 Cloud
67
1.5 Key Drivers
68
1.5.1 Organization Ecosystem
68
1.5.2 Business Process Design
68
1.5.3 Intuitive User Experience
69
1.5.4 Existing Customizations
69
1.5.5 Master Data Management
70
1.5.6 Reporting and Analytics
71
1.5.7 Future Innovations
71
1.6 Hardware Planning
71
1.7 Organization Readiness and Change Management
72
1.8 Decision-Making Process
73
1.8.1 Classic General Ledger versus New General Ledger
73
1.8.2 Align with Fiscal Year Close
73
1.8.3 Asset Accounting
74
1.8.4 Business Partner Conversion
74
1.8.5 Credit Management
75
1.8.6 Material Ledger
75
1.8.7 Treasury and Cash Management
76
1.8.8 Source System Financial Data Reconciliation
77
1.9 Summary
78
2 System Conversion Project Planning
79
2.1 Path from SAP ERP to SAP S/4HANA
79
2.2 Transition from SAP ERP to SAP S/4HANA
83
2.2.1 System Conversion
84
2.2.2 New Implementation
84
2.2.3 Selective Data Transformation
85
2.2.4 Decoupled Conversion
85
2.2.5 Comparing All the Options
86
2.3 Elements of a Successful SAP S/4HANA Adoption
88
2.4 SAP S/4HANA Infrastructure Options
89
2.4.1 Choice of Application
89
2.4.2 Choice of Infrastructure
90
2.5 SAP S/4HANA Deployment Options
90
2.6 SAP Readiness Assessment
93
2.6.1 Guiding Principles
93
2.6.2 Prerequisites
93
2.6.3 Maintenance Planner
94
2.6.4 Source System Check
95
2.6.5 Custom Code Check
95
2.6.6 Key Activities and Timeline
96
2.6.7 Assessment Approach
97
2.6.8 Technical Impact Assessment
99
2.6.9 Functional Impact Assessment
100
2.7 Business Case for Simplification Details
100
2.7.1 Data Model Changes in Finance
101
2.7.2 Obsolete or Replaced Transaction Codes and Programs in Finance
102
2.7.3 General Ledger
103
2.7.4 Cost Element
104
2.7.5 Data Structure Changes in Asset Accounting
104
2.7.6 Asset Accounting
105
2.7.7 General Ledger Planning
106
2.7.8 Manual Accruals
107
2.7.9 SAP Cash Management
108
2.7.10 SAP Credit Management
109
2.7.11 Profitability Analysis
109
2.7.12 Material Ledger
110
2.7.13 Customer Vendor Integration
111
2.8 Key Tools to Facilitate System Conversion
113
2.8.1 SAP Transformation Navigator
113
2.8.2 SAP Readiness Check
114
2.8.3 ABAP Test Cockpit
115
2.8.4 Software Update Manager
115
2.8.5 SAP Solution Manager
116
2.8.6 Simplification Item Catalog
116
2.9 Project Phases for Conversion to SAP S/4HANA
116
2.9.1 Preparation
118
2.9.2 Installation
119
2.9.3 Customizing
120
2.9.4 Data Migration
121
2.9.5 Post-Migration
122
2.9.6 Testing
123
2.10 System Conversion: Recommendations and Lessons Learned
124
2.11 Summary
125
PART II SAP S/4HANA System Conversion
127
3 Preparation
129
3.1 Planning and System Requirements
129
3.2 Check Functional Scope and Restrictions
130
3.3 Feasibility Checklist
132
3.4 The Maintenance Planner and Prechecks
141
3.5 Simplification List
142
3.6 Check Custom Coding
142
3.6.1 Check Custom Code and Modifications
143
3.6.2 Handling Custom-Defined Fields and Interfaces
143
3.7 Check Sizing
144
3.8 Prerelease Checks
145
3.8.1 Validation of Add-ons
145
3.8.2 Validation of Business Functions
146
3.8.3 Prerelease Checks and Analysis of Errors
146
3.8.4 Error Messages and Their Significance
147
3.9 Precheck for Migration to New Asset Accounting
147
3.10 Activate Business Functions
149
3.10.1 Activate Business Functions for Asset Accounting and Parallel Valuation
149
3.10.2 Activate Enterprise Financials Extension (EA-FIN)
151
3.10.3 Business Function FIN_AA_CI_1
153
3.10.4 Activate Business Functions for Cash Management
153
3.11 Check and Activate New Depreciation Calculation
153
3.11.1 Execute the Periodic Depreciation Posting Run
154
3.11.2 Execute Year-End Closing
155
3.11.3 Fiscal Year Change
156
3.12 Consistency Checks
157
3.12.1 Data Consistency Checks and Reconciliation
157
3.12.2 Reconciliation of the General Ledger with Accounts Payable/Accounts Receivable
159
3.12.3 Reconciliation of the General Ledger with Asset Accounting
159
3.12.4 Reconciliation of the General Ledger with Materials Management
159
3.12.5 Reconciliation of Ledgers
162
3.13 Perform Period-End Closing Activities
163
3.13.1 Copy Number Ranges
164
3.13.2 Lock Periods in Materials Management
164
3.13.3 Perform Closing for Periodic Asset Postings
165
3.13.4 Execute the Periodic Depreciation Posting Run
166
3.13.5 Verify Held Documents Status
166
3.13.6 Carry Balances Forward to the Current Fiscal Year
166
3.13.7 Reset Valuations for Periods in the Current Fiscal Year
168
3.13.8 Lock Prior Periods in SAP ERP Financials and Controlling
170
3.13.9 Batch Jobs
171
3.13.10 Execute Report to Confirm Asset Accounting Prerequisites
172
3.13.11 Lock Users
172
3.14 Consistency Check before Activation of SAP S/4HANA Finance
172
3.15 Execute Business Reconciliation
173
3.16 Summary
183
4 Installation and Upgrade
185
4.1 Installation and Upgrade Checklist
186
4.1.1 SAP HANA and Minimum Versions
186
4.1.2 Software Update Manager
187
4.1.3 SAP HANA Live
189
4.1.4 Administrator’s Guide, Release Information Note, and Browser Support
189
4.1.5 SAP Cash Management, Cost Objects, and Cost Object Hierarchies
190
4.1.6 Industry Solutions and Add-Ons
190
4.1.7 Maintenance Optimizer
191
4.1.8 Target Stack XML and SAP NetWeaver Kernel
194
4.1.9 Customer Code
194
4.1.10 Data Definition Language Statement Corrections
195
4.2 Review Data Model Changes
195
4.3 Use the Maintenance Planner
196
4.4 Install the Related Software Component Version
197
4.5 Apply SAP Notes
199
4.6 Content Deployment with SAP HANA Application Lifecycle Management
201
4.7 Perform SAP HANA-tization
201
4.7.1 SAP HANA-tization Checks
202
4.7.2 SAP HANA-tization Tools
202
4.8 Optimization
203
4.8.1 Optimization Approach
204
4.8.2 Optimization Tools
205
4.8.3 Optimization Best Practice
205
4.8.4 SAP HANA Modeling
206
4.9 Lessons Learned
206
4.10 Summary
210
5 Preparation and Migration for SAP General Ledger
213
5.1 Check and Adopt Fiscal Year Variants
214
5.2 Define Currency Settings for Migration
215
5.3 Migrate General Ledger Customizing
216
5.4 Define Settings for Ledgers and Currency Types
217
5.5 Define Ledger Groups
219
5.6 Assign the Accounting Principle to the Ledger Group
221
5.7 Review the Assignment of Ledger and Company Code to Accounting Principles
222
5.8 Define the Ledger for the Controlling Version
222
5.9 Define Document Types for Postings in Controlling
223
5.10 Define Document Type Mapping for Controlling Business Transactions
224
5.11 Check and Define Default Values for Postings in Controlling
225
5.12 Define the Offsetting Account Determination Type
225
5.13 Define the Source Ledger for Migration of Balances
225
5.14 Check and Define Settings for Substitution for Cost of Sales Accounting
226
5.15 Check and Define Settings of Controlling Area
227
5.16 Execute Consistency Check of General Ledger Settings
228
5.17 Activate Business Functions
228
5.18 Lessons Learned
229
5.19 Summary
231
6 Preparation and Migration for the Accrual Engine
233
6.1 Migration Precheck for Customizing
234
6.2 Migrate Customizing for the Accrual Engine
234
6.3 Manual Migration Steps for Account Determination
235
6.3.1 Define Set of Rules
235
6.3.2 Define Values for Set of Rules
237
6.3.3 Extended Account Determination
237
6.3.4 Create and Edit Account Determination Post-Migration
238
6.4 Migrate Validation Checks
239
6.5 Preparing to Migrate Transactional Data
239
6.5.1 Specify Account Used for Migration
239
6.5.2 Create Mass Data Project for Migration of Accrual Engine
239
6.5.3 Assign Migration Project to Company Codes
240
6.6 Summary
240
7 Preparation and Migration for Asset Accounting
241
7.1 Prerequisites
242
7.2 Install SAP S/4HANA Finance with New Asset Accounting
243
7.3 Migrate Charts of Depreciation
243
7.4 Display Migration Log
245
7.5 Perform Additional Manual Activities
245
7.5.1 Define Asset Balance Sheet Accounts of Parallel Valuation
245
7.5.2 Define the Depreciation Area for a Quantity Update
246
7.5.3 Define the Technical Clearing Account for Integrated Asset Acquisition
246
7.5.4 Specify an Alternative Document Type for Accounting-Principle-Specific Documents
248
7.5.5 Specify Revenue Distribution for Asset Retirement
249
7.5.6 Post Net Book Value Instead of Gain/Loss
249
7.5.7 Check Transaction Types
250
7.6 Check Prerequisites for Activating New Asset Accounting
250
7.7 Determine Active Charts of Depreciation
251
7.8 Change Definitions of Depreciation Areas
252
7.9 Specify Transfer of Acquisition and Production Cost Values
254
7.10 Specify Transfer of Depreciation Terms
256
7.11 Activate New Asset Accounting
257
7.12 Adjust Parameters in Charts of Depreciation
258
7.13 Lessons Learned
259
7.14 Summary
260
8 Preparation and Migration for Controlling
261
8.1 Execute SAP Business Warehouse Delta Extraction for Account-Based Profitability Analysis
262
8.2 Adapt Settings for Profitability Segment Characteristics
262
8.3 Maintain the Operating Concern
263
8.4 Activate Account-Based Profitability Analysis
265
8.5 Transport Operating Concern
265
8.6 Summary
265
9 Preparation and Migration for Material Ledger
267
9.1 Migrate Material Ledger Customizing
268
9.2 Check Assignment of Material Ledger Types to Valuation Areas
268
9.3 Summary
269
10 Preparation and Migration for House Bank Accounts
271
10.1 Define Number Ranges for Bank Account Technical IDs
272
10.2 Define Number Ranges for Change Requests
272
10.3 Assign Number Ranges
273
10.4 Define Settings for Bank Account Master Data
273
10.4.1 Bank Account Types
273
10.4.2 Define Sensitive Fields to Be Protected from Changes
274
10.4.3 Define Import Methods for Bank Statements
275
10.4.4 Define Signatory Groups for Payment Approvals
276
10.4.5 Define the Signatory Groups and Approval Sequence for Approval Patterns
277
10.4.6 Assign Approval Patterns
278
10.5 Lessons Learned
279
10.6 Summary
280
11 Preparation and Migration for SAP Credit Management
283
11.1 Define Settings for SAP Credit Management Migration
284
11.2 Migrate SAP Credit Management Customizing
287
11.3 Define the Credit Analyst Group as a Business Partner Group
287
11.4 Assign the Credit Representative Group to the Credit Analyst Group
288
11.5 Define the Customer Credit Group
288
11.6 Assign a Credit Management Group to a Customer Credit Group
289
11.7 Assign an SAP Credit Management Processor to a Credit Analyst Group
289
11.8 Check and Define SAP Credit Management Customizing
289
11.9 Check Customizing Settings
290
11.10 Lessons Learned
291
11.11 Summary
293
12 Data Migration
295
12.1 Partitioning of the Universal Journal Entry Line Items Table
295
12.2 Regenerate Core Data Services Views and Field Mapping
297
12.3 Analyze Transactional Data
299
12.4 Display Status of Analysis of Transactional Data
301
12.5 Start and Monitor Data Migration
305
12.6 Migration of Cost Elements
306
12.6.1 Check Consistency of General Ledger Accounts and Cost Elements
307
12.6.2 Migrate Secondary Cost Elements to the Chart of Accounts
309
12.6.3 Display Status of Migration of Cost Elements
310
12.6.4 Migrate Default Account Assignments
311
12.6.5 Display the Status of the Default Account Assignments Migration
312
12.6.6 Adopt Authorizations
313
12.6.7 Define Authorizations and Profiles
314
12.7 Technical Check of Transaction Data
319
12.7.1 Reconcile Transactional Data
320
12.7.2 Display Status of Technical Reconciliation of Transactional Data
321
12.8 Material Ledger Migration
324
12.8.1 Migrate Material Ledger Master Data
324
12.8.2 Check Material Ledger Master Data
325
12.8.3 Migrate Material Ledger Order History
325
12.8.4 Check Material Ledger Production Order and Purchase Order History
325
12.9 Enrichment of Data
325
12.9.1 Enrich Transactional Data
326
12.9.2 Display Status of Transactional Data Enrichment
326
12.9.3 Check of Migrated Documents
327
12.9.4 Display Status of Migrated Documents Check
328
12.10 Migration of Line Items into the New Data Structure
329
12.10.1 Migrate Accounting Documents to the Universal Journal Entry Structure
330
12.10.2 Display the Status of Document Migration to the Universal Journal Entry
330
12.10.3 Check Migration of Accounting Documents to the Universal Journal Entry
331
12.10.4 Display Status of Accounting Document Migration Check
332
12.11 Migration of Balances
333
12.11.1 Migrate Balances
334
12.11.2 Display Status of Migration of Balances
334
12.11.3 Check Migration of Balances
336
12.11.4 Display Status of Migration of Balances Check
337
12.12 Migrate SAP General Ledger Allocations to Journal Entry
340
12.13 Calculation of Depreciation and Totals Values
342
12.13.1 Calculate Initial Depreciation Values
343
12.13.2 Display Status of Calculate Initial Depreciation Values
344
12.13.3 Check Initial Depreciation and Total Values
344
12.13.4 Display Status of Check Initial Depreciation and Total Values
345
12.14 Migrate House Bank Accounts
347
12.15 SAP Credit Management Migration
349
12.15.1 Migrate Credit Management Master Data
350
12.15.2 Display Status of Migration of Credit Management Master Data
350
12.15.3 Migrate Credit Management Exposure
350
12.15.4 Display Status of Credit Management Exposure Migration
350
12.15.5 Initialize Documented Credit Decisions
350
12.15.6 Display Status of Initialization of Documented Credit Decisions
351
12.15.7 Reconcile Documented Credit Decisions
351
12.16 Complete the Migration
351
12.16.1 Reconcile and Compare Migrated Data
352
12.16.2 Set Migration to Completed
353
12.17 Migration with Near-Zero Downtime
354
12.17.1 Near-Zero Downtime
354
12.17.2 Restrictions on Business
355
12.17.3 Activities in the Clone System
355
12.17.4 Delta Migration
356
12.18 Data Migration Tools
357
12.18.1 Legacy System Migration Workbench
357
12.18.2 Rapid Data Migration
358
12.18.3 SAP S/4HANA Migration Cockpit
359
12.19 Lessons Learned
359
12.20 Summary
360
13 Post-Migration Activities
361
13.1 Run Reconciliation Reports to Check Data Consistency
362
13.2 Validate Business Process to Ensure Successful Migration
362
13.3 Transfer Application Indexes
363
13.4 Display Status of Application Indexes Transfer
364
13.5 Fill Due Dates in FI Documents
364
13.6 Display Status of Filling Due Dates in Financial Documents
365
13.7 Fill the Offsetting Account in Financial Documents
366
13.8 Display Status of Filling Offsetting Account in Financial Documents
367
13.9 Enrichment of Balance Carryforward
368
13.10 Manual Activities for Credit Management
369
13.11 Migration of Accrual Engine Data
371
13.12 Deactivate Reconciliation Ledger
372
13.13 Additional Post-Conversion Manual Activities
372
13.14 Post-Conversion Changes
373
13.14.1 Changes Needed for Authorizations
373
13.14.2 Changes Needed for Customers Using SAP Fiori
373
13.14.3 Changes Needed for Data Warehousing Applications
374
13.15 Lessons Learned
374
13.16 Summary
375
14 Post-Migration Testing
377
14.1 Test SAP HANA-Optimized Report Transactions
378
14.2 Test Multidimensional Reporting Capability
378
14.3 Test Database Footprint Reduction
379
14.4 Test Intercompany Reconciliation
379
14.5 Test the New Process Redesign
381
14.6 Test Closing Improvement
381
14.7 Test the Universal Journal
381
14.8 Execute Performance Testing
382
14.9 Execute Change Management
384
14.10 Summary
384
PART III Finance Transformation
387
15 Key Changes in SAP S/4HANA Finance
389
15.1 Process Overview and Changes in Financial Accounting
389
15.1.1 Universal Journal/General Ledger Accounting
390
15.1.2 Profit Center Accounting
391
15.1.3 Accounts Receivable
393
15.1.4 SAP Credit Management
394
15.1.5 Collections Management
395
15.1.6 Dispute Management
396
15.1.7 Accounts Payable
396
15.1.8 Bank Accounting
397
15.1.9 SAP Bank Communication Management
399
15.1.10 New Asset Accounting
400
15.1.11 Tax Accounting
401
15.1.12 Inventory Accounting
402
15.1.13 Revenue Accounting
403
15.1.14 Joint Venture Accounting
404
15.1.15 Contract Account Receivables and Payables
405
15.1.16 Funds Management
406
15.1.17 Real Estate
406
15.1.18 Special Purpose Ledger
407
15.1.19 SAP S/4HANA Finance Cloud for Customer Payments
408
15.1.20 Travel Management
409
15.1.21 Country Localization
410
15.1.22 Profitability Analysis
410
15.1.23 Financial Close and SAP Financial Closing Cockpit
411
15.1.24 Central Finance
412
15.2 SAP General Ledger
413
15.2.1 Architectural Impact
414
15.2.2 Functionality Impact
420
15.2.3 Configuration Impact
422
15.2.4 Customer and Vendor Master Data
430
15.2.5 SAP Credit Management Impact
431
15.3 Period-End Closing
433
15.3.1 Architectural Impact
433
15.3.2 Functionality Impact
434
15.3.3 Security Impact
436
15.4 Asset Accounting
437
15.4.1 Functionality Impact
438
15.4.2 Architectural Impact
443
15.4.3 Configuration Impact
444
15.4.4 Closing Process Impact
447
15.5 Controlling
448
15.5.1 Functionality Impact
448
15.5.2 Configuration Impact
455
15.6 Cost Center and Profit Center Accounting
462
15.6.1 Architectural Impact
463
15.6.2 Functionality Impact
465
15.7 Profitability Analysis
469
15.7.1 Architectural Impact
469
15.7.2 Functionality Impact
470
15.7.3 Configuration Impact
472
15.8 SAP Cash Management
474
15.8.1 SAP Business Client
475
15.8.2 Functionality Impact
477
15.8.3 Security Impact
479
15.8.4 Configuration Impact
480
15.9 Business Planning and Consolidation
482
15.10 Summary
483
16 SAP Fiori User Experience
485
16.1 Project Phases
486
16.2 Architecture
487
16.3 Configure SAP Fiori
489
16.4 Install SAP Fiori Apps
492
16.4.1 Transaction and Fact Sheet Apps
492
16.4.2 Analytical Apps
493
16.5 SAP Fiori Launchpad
493
16.5.1 Frontend User Screen
493
16.5.2 Backend Configuration Screen
496
16.5.3 SAP Smart Business Key Performance Indicators
498
16.6 SAP Fiori Applications and Roles
500
16.6.1 General Ledger Accountant
500
16.6.2 Accounts Payable Accountant
505
16.6.3 Accounts Receivable Accountant
508
16.6.4 Controller
511
16.6.5 Cash Manager
514
16.6.6 Cost Manager
517
16.6.7 Asset Accountant
519
16.7 SAP Smart Business Application and Roles
519
16.7.1 For Accounts Payable
520
16.7.2 For Accounts Receivable
521
16.7.3 For Chief Financial Officers
524
16.7.4 For SAP Cash Management
524
16.8 Summary
525
17 Innovations in SAP S/4HANA Finance
527
17.1 Financial Accounting
528
17.1.1 Accruals Management
528
17.1.2 Goods Receipt and Invoice Receipt Reconciliation
532
17.1.3 Time-Dependent Tax Code
533
17.1.4 Display Journal Entries as T-Accounts
534
17.1.5 SAP Account Substantiation and Automation by BlackLine
534
17.2 Financial Close
535
17.2.1 Group Reporting
535
17.2.2 SAP S/4HANA Cloud for Advanced Financial Closing
537
17.3 Management Accounting
538
17.3.1 Universal Allocations
538
17.3.2 Where-Used List
539
17.3.3 SAP RealSpend
540
17.4 Financial Planning and Analysis
540
17.4.1 Margin Analysis
540
17.4.2 Predictive Accounting
543
17.5 Summary
544
18 Central Finance
545
18.1 The Business Case for Central Finance
545
18.1.1 Key Benefits
546
18.1.2 Central Finance Candidates
548
18.2 Key Program Principles
549
18.2.1 Architecture
550
18.2.2 New Capabilities
552
18.2.3 Prerequisites
554
18.2.4 Mapping
556
18.2.5 Initial Load
563
18.2.6 Replication: Procure to Pay
568
18.2.7 Replication: Order to Cash
568
18.2.8 Error Handling
569
18.3 Lessons Learned
570
18.4 Summary
571
A Project Plan for SAP S/4HANA Finance Conversion
573
B The Author
621
Index
623