Inhaltsverzeichnis

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Foreword
15
Preface
17
Introduction
19
The Shift: Regulatory Changes at a Glance
19
IFRS 16 vs. IAS 17
20
ASC 842 vs. ASC 840
24
Compliance Timelines and Transitions
27
The Impact: Changes to Financial Processes
30
Accounting
30
Disclosures and Reporting
34
The Solution: Leasing Systems from SAP
36
SAP Lease Administration by Nakisa
37
SAP Flexible Real Estate Management
38
Summary
39
1 Lease Accounting Basics
41
1.1 Building Blocks of a Lease
41
1.1.1 Identified Asset
42
1.1.2 Right of Use of an Asset
43
1.1.3 Lease Modification
44
1.2 Lessee Accounting
45
1.2.1 Lease Classification
45
1.2.2 Initial Recognition and Measurement
48
1.2.3 Reassessment and Subsequent Measurement
55
1.2.4 Capital Lease/Asset Impairment
59
1.2.5 Operating Lease
61
1.3 Lessor Accounting
62
1.3.1 Lease Classification
63
1.3.2 Lease Components versus Non-Lease Components
65
1.3.3 Revenue, Including Variable Consideration
66
1.3.4 Collectability
67
1.3.5 Initial Recognition and Measurement at Contract Lease Start Date
68
1.3.6 Recognition and Measurement Re-Assessment/Modification of the Lease
69
1.3.7 Impairment
71
1.3.8 Sales-Type and Direct Financing Leases
72
1.4 Summary
73
2 Evaluating Compliance Readiness
75
2.1 Leasing Requirements
75
2.1.1 Non-Movable Leases
76
2.1.2 Movable Leases
78
2.2 Master Data
78
2.2.1 What Kind of Data Do You Have?
78
2.2.2 Where Is Your Data Located and How Is It Stored?
80
2.2.3 How Do You Access Your Data for Lease Contracts?
81
2.2.4 How Do You Organize Contracts?
82
2.2.5 How Should You Prepare for Data Migration?
87
2.3 Business Processes
90
2.3.1 Fixed Assets
91
2.3.2 Procure-to-Pay
93
2.3.3 Plant Maintenance and Materials Management
94
2.3.4 General Ledger Accounting
95
2.4 System Changes
96
2.4.1 Integration with an Existing ERP System
97
2.4.2 Lease Lifecycle in the System
99
2.4.3 Disclosures and Reporting
104
2.5 Summary
108
3 Managing Your Leasing Project
109
3.1 Defining the Scope
109
3.1.1 Choosing Business Processes and Functions
109
3.1.2 Determining Project Duration
110
3.1.3 Managing Risks
111
3.2 Establishing Timelines and Deliverables
112
3.2.1 Choosing a Project Management Strategy
113
3.2.2 Planning Project Phases
120
3.2.3 Setting Project Timelines
123
3.2.4 Leveraging Accelerators
124
3.3 Choosing Your Team
130
3.3.1 Internal Personnel
130
3.3.2 External Consulting
133
3.4 Setting Your Budget
134
3.4.1 Implementation Teams
134
3.4.2 Software and License Fees
136
3.4.3 Hardware Costs
137
3.4.4 Maintenance Costs
137
3.4.5 Contingencies
138
3.5 Kicking Off Your Project
142
3.5.1 Setting the Stage
143
3.5.2 Establishing Project Management Tools
143
3.5.3 Defining Standards and Procedures
143
3.5.4 Distributing Responsibilities
144
3.5.5 Communicating Project Milestones
145
3.5.6 Managing Business Expectations
145
3.6 Summary
145
4 Implementing SAP Lease Administration by Nakisa
147
4.1 Before You Begin
147
4.1.1 Choosing an Implementation Tool
148
4.1.2 Checking General Prerequisites
152
4.1.3 Outlining Customer-Specific Requirements
153
4.1.4 Exploring the AdminConsole
154
4.1.5 Reviewing Best Practices
155
4.2 Settings Tab
157
4.2.1 Settings
158
4.2.2 Roles
159
4.2.3 Data Connections
163
4.2.4 Additional Field Settings
164
4.3 Master Data Configuration
167
4.3.1 Application Configuration
168
4.3.2 System Configuration
171
4.4 Data Management
203
4.5 Build Management
208
4.6 Schedule Jobs and Thresholds
211
4.7 Field Management
213
4.8 Caption Editor
214
4.9 Logs and RFC Traces
215
4.10 Summary
218
5 Configuring SAP Flexible Real Estate Management for Lease Valuations
219
5.1 Basic Settings for Balance Sheet Valuation
222
5.2 Balance Sheet Valuation of Contracts
226
5.2.1 Control Settings for Each Contract Type in a Company Code
226
5.2.2 Screen Sequence for Entering Contracts in SAP RE-FX
227
5.2.3 Valuation Relevance
230
5.2.4 Valuation Rules
230
5.2.5 Condition Valuation Groups
234
5.2.6 Valuation Object-Dependent Control Parameters
238
5.2.7 Assignment of Asset Transaction Type to Real Estate Flow Type
239
5.3 Account Determination
240
5.3.1 Asset Posting
242
5.3.2 Clearing Posting
252
5.3.3 Interest Posting
255
5.3.4 Transfer Posting
258
5.4 Special Topics
262
5.4.1 Parallel Accounting for Multiple Accounting Principles
262
5.4.2 Changing Account Determination for Periodic Posting
263
5.4.3 Asset Accounting
264
5.4.4 Controlling
265
5.4.5 New Authorization Objects for Valuation
265
5.5 Summary
266
6 Transition Accounting
267
6.1 Practical Expedients
268
6.1.1 Definition of a Lease
269
6.1.2 Transition for Lessors
270
6.1.3 Transition for Lessees
271
6.1.4 Recognition Exemption
271
6.1.5 Sale-and-Leaseback Transactions
272
6.2 Choosing a Transition Approach
274
6.2.1 The Full Retrospective Approach
274
6.2.2 The Modified Retrospective Approach
275
6.3 Adopting the Modified Retrospective Approach
276
6.3.1 Lease Liability for Operating Leases
277
6.3.2 Right-of-Use Asset for Operating Leases
277
6.3.3 Lease Liability and Right-of-Use Asset for Finance Leases
278
6.3.4 Practical Expedients
278
6.4 Summary
280
7 Managing Leases with SAP Lease Administration by Nakisa
281
7.1 Master Lease Agreement
282
7.1.1 Creating a New MLA
282
7.1.2 Approving an MLA
287
7.2 Contracts and Lease Components
288
7.2.1 Creating a New Contract
288
7.2.2 Creating a New Lease Component
299
7.2.3 Approving Contracts and Lease Components
306
7.3 Activation Groups and Units
308
7.3.1 Managing an Activation Group
309
7.3.2 Activating a Lease
318
7.4 Lease Event Management
325
7.4.1 Reassessing Activation Groups
325
7.4.2 Applying a Casualty Activation Groups
327
7.4.3 Replacing a Unit in the Activation Groups
328
7.4.4 Modifying a Lease Contract
329
7.4.5 Applying a Contract Change
330
7.5 Summary
331
8 Managing Leases with SAP Flexible Real Estate Management
333
8.1 Lease Valuation Data
337
8.1.1 General Data
337
8.1.2 Partners
339
8.1.3 Terms
340
8.1.4 Objects
341
8.1.5 Conditions
342
8.2 Valuation Rules and Calculations
346
8.2.1 Assigning Valuation Parameters
346
8.2.2 Performing and Viewing Valuations
351
8.2.3 Running Valuation Reports
356
8.3 Valuation Postings
357
8.3.1 Posting Contract Valuations
359
8.3.2 Reversing Contract Valuations
363
8.3.3 Depreciating Right-of-Use Assets
363
8.3.4 Deactivating Leased Assets
363
8.4 Lease Modifications and Updates
365
8.5 Reporting and Disclosure Statements
366
8.5.1 Displaying and Maintaining Valuation Rules
366
8.5.2 Viewing Leased Assets for Contracts
369
8.5.3 Displaying Contract Valuations
370
8.5.4 Reclassifying Liabilities
371
8.6 Summary
372
9 Disclosures, Reporting, and Analytics
373
9.1 Standard Required Disclosures
373
9.1.1 Lease Cost
374
9.1.2 Right-of-Use Assets and Lease Liabilities
374
9.1.3 Differences between ASC 842 and IFRS 16
376
9.2 Reporting and Analytics with SAP RE-FX
377
9.2.1 Contracts
377
9.2.2 Conditions
380
9.2.3 Cash Flows
380
9.2.4 Periodic Postings
380
9.2.5 Balance Sheet Valuation of Contracts
381
9.2.6 Right-of-Use-Assets
382
9.2.7 Lease Liabilities
383
9.3 Reporting and Analytics with SAP Lease Administration by Nakisa
385
9.3.1 Disclosure Reports
385
9.3.2 Management Reports
389
9.3.3 Transaction Reports
391
9.4 Summary
393
10 Key Industry Considerations
395
10.1 Healthcare
395
10.2 High-Tech
399
10.3 Air and Defense
401
10.4 Summary
404
Conclusion
405
Chapter 1
405
Chapter 2
406
Chapter 3
407
Chapter 4 and Chapter 5
408
Chapter 6
408
Chapter 7
409
Chapter 8
409
Chapter 9
410
Chapter 10
411
Additional Resources
411
Appendices
413
A IFRS 16 and ASC 842 FAQs
413
B The Authors
423
The Contributors
424
Index
427