Inhaltsverzeichnis

Alle Kapitel aufklappen
Alle Kapitel zuklappen
Acknowledgments
29
Preface
31
Who Is This Book For?
31
How This Book Is Organized
32
Conclusion
36
1 Materials Management Overview
37
1.1 Materials Management as a Part of SAP ERP
37
1.1.1 Core SAP ERP Functionality
37
1.1.2 Business Suite Functionality
38
1.2 Materials Management as Part of Logistics
39
1.2.1 Management of the Supply Chain
39
1.2.2 SAP and Logistics
40
1.3 Materials Management Integration
41
1.3.1 The Material Flow of the Supply Chain
41
1.3.2 The Information Flow of the Supply Chain
42
1.3.3 The Financial Flow of the Supply Chain
42
1.4 Summary
43
2 Materials Management Organizational Structure
45
2.1 Client Structure
45
2.1.1 What Is a Client?
46
2.1.2 Creating the Client Landscape
47
2.1.3 Defining a Client
47
2.1.4 Correction and Transport System
48
2.2 Company Code
49
2.2.1 What Is a Company?
49
2.2.2 Creating a Company Code
50
2.2.3 Assigning a Company Code
51
2.3 Plants
51
2.3.1 What Is a Plant?
51
2.3.2 Prerequisites for a Plant
52
2.3.3 Defining a Plant
52
2.3.4 Valuation Level
54
2.3.5 Assigning a Plant
54
2.4 Storage Locations
55
2.4.1 What Is a Storage Location?
55
2.4.2 Defining a Storage Location
56
2.4.3 Automatic Creation of Storage Locations
57
2.5 Warehouse and Storage Types
58
2.5.1 Assign a Warehouse to a Plant and Storage Location
59
2.5.2 Storage Type
59
2.5.3 Storage Sections and Storage Bins
60
2.6 Purchasing Organization
60
2.6.1 What Is a Purchasing Organization?
61
2.6.2 Types of Purchasing Organizations
61
2.6.3 Create a Purchasing Organization
62
2.6.4 Purchasing Groups
63
2.7 Business Examples: Organizational Structure
63
2.7.1 Client Structure
64
2.7.2 Plants
64
2.7.3 Storage Locations
65
2.7.4 Warehouse Management
66
2.7.5 Purchasing Organization
67
2.8 Summary
67
3 Master Data in Materials Management
69
3.1 Material Master
69
3.1.1 Material Master Tables
70
3.1.2 Material Numbering
70
3.1.3 Material Number Range
72
3.1.4 Material Type
73
3.2 Vendor Master
75
3.2.1 Vendor Master in SAP
75
3.2.2 Vendor Account Groups
76
3.2.3 Vendor Number Range
78
3.3 Purchasing Information Data
80
3.3.1 Purchasing Information Record for a Nonstock Material
80
3.3.2 Purchasing Information Record Numbering
81
3.3.3 Purchasing Information Record Screen Layout
81
3.4 Batch Management Data
83
3.4.1 What Is a Batch?
83
3.4.2 Batch Level
84
3.4.3 Changing the Batch Level
84
3.4.4 Batch-Status Management
85
3.4.5 Initial Batch Status
85
3.4.6 Batch Number Assignment
86
3.5 Serial Number Data
86
3.5.1 What Is a Serial Number?
87
3.5.2 Serial Number Profile
87
3.5.3 Serializing Procedures
88
3.6 Business Examples: Master Data in Materials Management
89
3.6.1 Material Master Data
90
3.6.2 Vendor Master Data
90
3.6.3 Purchasing Data
91
3.6.4 Batch Management
92
3.6.5 Serial Numbers
92
3.7 Summary
93
4 Material Master Data: Part 1
95
4.1 Industry Sector
96
4.2 Material Type
96
4.2.1 Standard Material Types
96
4.2.2 Configuring Material Types
100
4.2.3 Changing a Material Type
102
4.3 Basic Data
103
4.3.1 Creating a Material Master Record: Immediately
103
4.3.2 Creating a Material Master Record: Schedule
104
4.3.3 Creating a Material Master Record: Special
104
4.3.4 Organizational Levels
105
4.3.5 Basic Data Screen
107
4.4 Classification Data
114
4.4.1 Class Type
114
4.4.2 Classes
115
4.4.3 Characteristics
115
4.5 Purchasing Data
116
4.5.1 General Data
117
4.5.2 Purchasing Value Key
119
4.5.3 Other Data/Manufacturer Data
122
4.5.4 Foreign Trade Data
124
4.5.5 Origin/EU Market Organization/Preferences
126
4.5.6 Legal Control
127
4.6 Forecasting Data
128
4.6.1 General Data
128
4.6.2 Number of Periods Required
130
4.6.3 Control Data
131
4.7 Work Scheduling Data
133
4.7.1 General Data
134
4.7.2 Tolerance Data
136
4.7.3 In-House Production Time in Days
136
4.8 Sales Organizational Data
138
4.8.1 General Data
139
4.8.2 Tax Data
139
4.8.3 Quantity Stipulations
140
4.8.4 Grouping Items
141
4.8.5 Material Groups
143
4.8.6 Product Attributes
143
4.9 Sales General Data
144
4.9.1 General Data
144
4.9.2 Shipping Data
145
4.9.3 General Plant Parameters
146
4.10 Business Examples: Material Master Data
147
4.10.1 Material Type
148
4.10.2 Classification Data
148
4.10.3 Purchasing Data
149
4.10.4 Sales Data
150
4.11 Summary
151
5 Material Master Data: Part 2
153
5.1 Production Resources/Tools (PRT) Data
153
5.1.1 General Data
153
5.1.2 Default Values for Task List Assignment
154
5.2 Plant Data/Storage Location
156
5.2.1 General Data
157
5.2.2 Shelf Life Data
160
5.3 Warehouse Management Data
162
5.3.1 General Data
162
5.3.2 Storage Strategies
163
5.3.3 Palletization Data
166
5.3.4 Storage Bin Stock
167
5.4 Quality Management Data
168
5.4.1 General Data
168
5.4.2 Procurement Data
170
5.5 Material Requirements Planning Data
172
5.5.1 General Data
173
5.5.2 Material Requirements Planning Procedure
175
5.5.3 Lot Size Data
176
5.5.4 Procurement
178
5.5.5 Scheduling
180
5.5.6 Net Requirements Calculations
181
5.5.7 Forecast Requirements
183
5.5.8 Planning
184
5.5.9 Availability Check
186
5.5.10 Bill of Materials Explosion/Dependent Requirements
187
5.5.11 Discontinued Parts
188
5.5.12 Repetitive Manufacturing/Assembly/Deployment Strategy
189
5.5.13 Storage Location Material Requirements Planning
190
5.6 Accounting Data
191
5.6.1 General Data
192
5.6.2 Current Valuation
193
5.6.3 Determination of Lowest Value
195
5.6.4 Last In, First Out Data
196
5.7 Costing Data
197
5.7.1 General Data
197
5.7.2 Quantity Structure Data
198
5.7.3 Standard Cost Estimate
200
5.7.4 Planned Prices
200
5.8 Business Examples: Material Master Data
201
5.8.1 Plant and Storage Location Data
201
5.8.2 Warehouse Data
202
5.8.3 Quality Management Data
202
5.8.4 Material Requirements Planning Data
203
5.8.5 Accounting Data
204
5.9 Summary
205
6 Vendor Master Data
207
6.1 General Data
207
6.1.1 Address Screen
208
6.1.2 Control Screen
210
6.1.3 Payment Transactions
215
6.2 Accounting Information
218
6.2.1 Accounting Information
219
6.2.2 Payment Transactions
223
6.2.3 Correspondence Screen
227
6.3 Purchasing Data
229
6.3.1 Conditions
230
6.3.2 Sales Data
232
6.3.3 Control Data
233
6.3.4 Default Data Material
235
6.3.5 Service Data
237
6.3.6 Partner Functions
237
6.4 Business Examples: Vendor Master Data
239
6.4.1 General Data
239
6.4.2 Purchasing Data
240
6.5 Summary
241
7 Purchasing Information Data
243
7.1 Purchasing General Data
243
7.1.1 Create a Purchasing Information Record
244
7.1.2 Create a Purchasing Information Record with a Material Number
245
7.1.3 Create a Purchasing Information Record without a Material Number
246
7.1.4 General Data Screen
246
7.2 Purchasing Organization Data
247
7.2.1 Conditions
248
7.2.2 Text Screen
252
7.2.3 Statistical Data
254
7.3 Business Examples: Purchasing Information Data
255
7.3.1 Standard Purchasing Information Record
255
7.3.2 Subcontracting Purchasing Information Record
256
7.4 Summary
256
8 Batch Management Data
259
8.1 Batch Management Overview
259
8.1.1 Batch Definition
259
8.1.2 Pharmaceutical Industry
260
8.2 Batch Master Record
262
8.2.1 Creating a Batch
262
8.2.2 Changing a Batch
268
8.2.3 Deleting a Batch
268
8.2.4 Documentary Batch Record
269
8.3 Batch Determination
270
8.3.1 Batch Determination Condition Tables
270
8.3.2 Batch Determination Access Sequences
271
8.3.3 Batch Strategy Types
271
8.3.4 Batch Search Procedure
273
8.4 Batch Information Cockpit
274
8.4.1 Batch Information Cockpit Overview
274
8.4.2 Batch Information Cockpit Standard Configuration
275
8.4.3 Batch Information Cockpit User-Defined Configuration
276
8.5 Business Examples: Batch Management Data
278
8.5.1 Batch Management Record
278
8.5.2 Batch Determination
279
8.6 Summary
280
9 Material Master Record
281
9.1 Creating a Material Master Record
281
9.2 Changing a Material Master Record
282
9.2.1 Change a Material Master Record: Immediately
282
9.2.2 Change a Material Master Record: Schedule
284
9.2.3 Change a Material Master Record: Activate
285
9.3 Material Master Deletion
286
9.3.1 Flag for Deletion: Immediately
287
9.3.2 Flag for Deletion: Schedule
287
9.3.3 Flag for Deletion: Proposal List
288
9.3.4 Material Master Archiving
289
9.3.5 Remove a Material Deletion Flag
289
9.4 Loading Material Master Records
290
9.4.1 Loading Material Master Records via Direct Input
290
9.4.2 Distribution of Material Master Records via Application Link Enabling
291
9.5 Production Versions
292
9.5.1 Creating a Production Version
292
9.5.2 Production Versions: Mass Processing
296
9.6 Revision Levels
296
9.6.1 Revision Level Overview
296
9.6.2 Revision Level Configuration
297
9.7 Business Examples: Material Master Record
297
9.7.1 Creating and Changing a Material Master Record
298
9.7.2 Material Master Deletion
298
9.7.3 Version Control
299
9.8 Summary
300
10 Vendor Master Record
301
10.1 Creating the Vendor Master Record
301
10.2 Changing the Vendor Master Record
305
10.2.1 Change Vendor Master Record: Current
305
10.2.2 Change Vendor Master Record: Planned
306
10.2.3 Display Planned Changes to Vendor Master Records
306
10.2.4 Activate Planned Changes
307
10.2.5 Change Vendor Account Group
308
10.3 Deleting Vendor Master Record
308
10.3.1 Flag a Vendor Master Record for Deletion
309
10.3.2 Deleting Vendor Records via Archiving
310
10.4 Display Vendor Master Record
310
10.4.1 Display Vendor Master Record: Current
310
10.4.2 Display Vendor Master Record: Per Key Date
310
10.4.3 Display Vendors: Purchasing List
311
10.5 Blocking Vendors
312
10.6 One-Time Vendor
313
10.7 Vendor Subrange Functionality
314
10.8 Business Examples: Vendor Master
315
10.8.1 Creating and Changing a Vendor Master Record
316
10.8.2 Vendor Master Deletion
317
10.8.3 One-Time Vendor
317
10.9 Summary
318
11 Purchasing Overview
319
11.1 Purchase Requisition
319
11.2 Request for Quotation
320
11.3 Quotation
322
11.4 Purchase Order
323
11.5 Source List and Source Determination
324
11.5.1 Single Source
325
11.5.2 Multisource
326
11.5.3 Generate a Source List
328
11.5.4 Source Determination
329
11.6 Conditions in Purchasing
330
11.6.1 Condition Processing
330
11.6.2 Pricing Conditions
331
11.6.3 Taxes
332
11.6.4 Delivery Costs
332
11.7 Vendor Evaluation
333
11.7.1 Vendor Evaluation Overview
333
11.7.2 Vendor Evaluation Criteria
333
11.7.3 Vendor Evaluation Weighting
336
11.7.4 Points Scoring for Criteria
336
11.7.5 Maintain Vendor Evaluation
337
11.7.6 Scoring for Automatic and Semiautomatic Criteria
338
11.7.7 Evaluation for a Material
339
11.8 Quota Arrangement
340
11.9 Business Examples: Purchasing
341
11.9.1 Purchase Requisitions
341
11.9.2 Source List
342
11.9.3 Conditions
343
11.9.4 Vendor Evaluation
343
11.9.5 Quota Arrangement
344
11.10 Summary
344
12 Purchase Requisition
345
12.1 Indirectly Created Requisition
345
12.1.1 Purchase Requisition Created by Production Order
345
12.1.2 Purchase Requisition Created by Plant Maintenance Order
346
12.1.3 Purchase Requisition Created by Project System
346
12.1.4 Purchase Requisition Created by Materials Planning
347
12.2 Directly Created Requisition
347
12.2.1 Create a Purchase Requisition with a Material Master Record
347
12.2.2 Create a Purchase Requisition without a Material Master Record
352
12.3 Processing a Purchase Requisition
354
12.3.1 Change a Purchase Requisition
354
12.3.2 Display a Purchase Requisition
354
12.3.3 Close a Purchase Requisition
356
12.3.4 Follow-On Functions
357
12.3.5 Requirement Prioritization
359
12.3.6 Raw Material Procurement Cockpit
359
12.4 Business Examples: Purchase Requisitions
359
12.4.1 Indirectly Created Purchase Requisition
360
12.4.2 Directly Created Purchase Requisition
360
12.5 Summary
361
13 Request for Quotation
363
13.1 Creating a Request for Quotation
363
13.1.1 Request for Quotation Type
364
13.1.2 Request for Quotation Date
365
13.1.3 Quotation Deadline
365
13.1.4 Request for Quotation Document Number
365
13.1.5 Organizational Data
365
13.1.6 Default Data for Items
366
13.1.7 Collective Number
367
13.1.8 Validity Start/Validity End
367
13.1.9 Apply By
368
13.1.10 Binding Period
368
13.1.11 Reference Data
368
13.1.12 Request for Quotation Item Detail
368
13.1.13 Request for Quotation Delivery Schedule
369
13.1.14 Additional Data
369
13.1.15 Vendor Selection
371
13.2 Changing a Request for Quotation
372
13.3 Releasing a Request for Quotation
374
13.3.1 Release Code/Release Group/Release Strategy
374
13.3.2 Set Release/Cancel Release
375
13.3.3 Release Prerequisite Fulfilled
375
13.3.4 List with Items
375
13.3.5 Scope of List
375
13.3.6 Purchasing Document Category
375
13.3.7 Other Selection Criteria
375
13.4 Issuing a Request for Quotation to a Vendor
376
13.5 Business Examples: Request for Quotation
377
13.5.1 Creating and Changing a Request for Quotation
377
13.5.2 Releasing a Request for Quotation
378
13.6 Summary
379
14 Quotation
381
14.1 Entering a Quotation
381
14.2 Comparing Quotations
383
14.2.1 Price Comparison Factor in Quotations
383
14.2.2 Other Qualitative Factors in Quotations
385
14.3 Rejecting Quotations
387
14.3.1 Flagging the Quotation as Rejected
387
14.3.2 Printing the Quotation Rejection
388
14.3.3 Advising Unsuccessful Bidders
388
14.4 Business Examples: Quotations
389
14.4.1 Comparing Quotations
389
14.4.2 Rejecting Quotations
390
14.5 Summary
390
15 Purchase Order
391
15.1 Create a Purchase Order
391
15.1.1 Create a Purchase Order with Vendor Known
392
15.1.2 Create a Purchase Order with Vendor Unknown
393
15.2 Maintaining a Purchase Order
395
15.3 Blocking and Canceling a Purchase Order
395
15.3.1 Block a Purchase Order Line Item
395
15.3.2 Canceling a Purchase Order Line Item
396
15.4 Account Assignment in a Purchase Order
397
15.4.1 Account Assignment Categories
397
15.4.2 Single Account Assignment
399
15.4.3 Multiple Account Assignment
400
15.5 Outline Purchase Agreement
401
15.6 Scheduling Agreement
401
15.6.1 Create a Scheduling Agreement Manually
401
15.6.2 Create a Scheduling Agreement with Reference
403
15.7 Contracts
405
15.7.1 Contract Overview
405
15.7.2 Centrally Agreed Contract
406
15.7.3 Creating a Contract
406
15.7.4 Release Order against a Contract
408
15.8 Vendor Confirmation
409
15.8.1 Vendor Confirmation Overview
409
15.8.2 Confirmation Configuration
410
15.8.3 Enter a Manual Confirmation
411
15.8.4 Inbound Delivery for Vendor Confirmation
413
15.9 Messages and Outputs
414
15.9.1 Message Overview
414
15.9.2 Message Creation
414
15.9.3 Message Output Definition
415
15.9.4 Output Messages
416
15.10 Pricing Procedures
417
15.10.1 Pricing Conditions
417
15.10.2 Condition Types
418
15.10.3 Condition Tables
420
15.10.4 Access Sequences
421
15.10.5 Calculation Schema
421
15.10.6 Price Determination
422
15.10.7 Standard Pricing Condition Type PB00
423
15.10.8 Calculation Schema for Condition Type PB00
423
15.11 Reporting
424
15.11.1 Reporting Overview
424
15.11.2 Extended Document Flow
424
15.12 Release Procedures
425
15.12.1 Introduction to Release Procedures
425
15.12.2 Release with Classification for a Purchase Requisition
425
15.12.3 Advanced Returns Management
428
15.13 Business Examples: Purchase Orders
429
15.13.1 Blocking a Purchase Order
429
15.13.2 Outline Purchase Agreement
430
15.13.3 Scheduling Agreement
430
15.13.4 Contracts
431
15.13.5 Releasing a Purchase Order
431
15.14 Summary
432
16 External Services Management
433
16.1 Service Master Record
433
16.1.1 Activity Number
434
16.1.2 Service Category
434
16.1.3 Material/Service Group
435
16.1.4 Tax Indicator
435
16.1.5 Valuation Class
435
16.1.6 Formula
436
16.1.7 Graphic
437
16.2 Standard Service Catalog
437
16.3 Conditions in External Services Management
438
16.4 Procurement of Services
440
16.5 Entry of Services
443
16.6 Blanket Purchase Order
444
16.7 Business Examples: External Services Management
445
16.7.1 Service Master Record
446
16.7.2 Procurement of Services
446
16.7.3 Blanket Purchase Order
447
16.8 Summary
448
17 Consumption-Based Planning
449
17.1 Master Data in Consumption-Based Planning
449
17.1.1 Material Master Record
449
17.1.2 Planning Calendar
451
17.2 Planning Process
452
17.2.1 Planning at the Plant Level
452
17.2.2 Planning at the Storage Location Level
453
17.3 Planning Evaluation
455
17.3.1 Material Requirements Planning List
455
17.3.2 Stock/Requirements List
456
17.4 Procurement Proposal
456
17.4.1 Purchase Requisitions
456
17.4.2 Schedule Lines
456
17.4.3 Planned Orders
457
17.5 Implementing the Material Requirements Planning Area
457
17.6 Business Examples: Consumption-Based Planning
458
17.6.1 Planning Process
458
17.6.2 Planning Evaluation
459
17.7 Summary
460
18 Material Requirements Planning
461
18.1 Reorder-Point Planning
461
18.1.1 Manual Reorder-Point Planning
462
18.1.2 Automatic Reorder-Point Planning
462
18.2 Forecast-Based Planning
463
18.3 Time-Phased Planning
464
18.4 Business Examples: Material Requirements Planning
467
18.4.1 Reorder-Point Planning
467
18.4.2 Forecast-Based Planning
468
18.4.3 Time-Phased Planning
469
18.5 Summary
469
19 Forecasting
471
19.1 Forecast Models
471
19.1.1 Constant Model
472
19.1.2 Trend Model
472
19.1.3 Seasonal Model
473
19.1.4 Seasonal Trend Model
473
19.2 Forecast Parameters
473
19.3 Forecast Options
478
19.3.1 Manual Forecast Model Selection
478
19.3.2 Automatic Forecast Model Selection
478
19.4 Business Examples: Forecasting
480
19.5 Summary
482
20 Inventory Management Overview
485
20.1 Goods Movements
485
20.1.1 Stock Overview
486
20.1.2 Material Document
487
20.1.3 Movement Types
488
20.2 Goods Issue
489
20.3 Goods Receipt
490
20.4 Physical Inventory
490
20.5 Returns
491
20.5.1 Introduction to Returns
491
20.5.2 Creating a Return
491
20.5.3 Configuring Reason for Movement
492
20.5.4 Material Documents
494
20.6 Reservations
496
20.6.1 Introduction to Reservations
496
20.6.2 Creating a Manual Reservation
497
20.6.3 Material Requirements Planning and Reservations
499
20.6.4 Reservations Management Program
500
20.7 Stock Transfers
502
20.7.1 Stock Transfer and Transfer Posting
503
20.7.2 Transfer between Storage Locations Using Transaction MB1B
503
20.7.3 Transfer between Plants Using Transaction MB1B
505
20.7.4 Transfer between Storage Locations Using Transaction MIGO_TR
506
20.7.5 Transfer between Plants Using Transaction MIGO_TR
507
20.7.6 Transfer between Company Codes
508
20.8 Business Examples: Inventory Management
509
20.8.1 Physical Inventory
509
20.8.2 Returns
510
20.8.3 Reservations
510
20.9 Summary
511
21 Goods Issue
513
21.1 Goods Issue to a Production Order
513
21.1.1 Planned Goods Issue Using Transaction MB1A
513
21.1.2 Planned Goods Issue Using Transaction MIGO_GI
515
21.1.3 Unplanned Goods Issue Using Transaction MB1A
516
21.1.4 Backflushing
517
21.2 Goods Issue to Scrap
519
21.2.1 Goods Issue to Scrap Using Transaction MB1A
520
21.2.2 Goods Issue to Scrap Using Transaction MIGO_GI
520
21.3 Goods Issue for Sampling
521
21.4 Goods Issue Posting
522
21.4.1 Material Document
522
21.4.2 Accounting Document
523
21.4.3 Goods Issue Slip
523
21.4.4 Stock Changes
523
21.4.5 General Ledger Account Changes
523
21.5 Goods Issue Reversal
524
21.6 Business Examples: Goods Issue
525
21.6.1 Goods Issue to Scrap
525
21.6.2 Goods Issue to Sampling
526
21.6.3 Backflushing
527
21.7 Summary
527
22 Goods Receipt
529
22.1 Goods Receipt for a Purchase Order
529
22.1.1 Goods Receipt with a Known Purchase Order Number
530
22.1.2 Goods Receipt with an Unknown Purchase Order Number
531
22.1.3 Goods Receipt Posting
532
22.2 Goods Receipt for a Production Order
534
22.3 Initial Entry of Inventory
536
22.4 Other Goods Receipts
537
22.4.1 Goods Receipt without a Production Order
538
22.4.2 Goods Receipt of Co-Products or By-Products
538
22.4.3 Goods Receipt for Free Goods
539
22.4.4 Goods Receipt for Returnable Transport Packaging
540
22.4.5 Automatic Goods Receipt
540
22.5 Business Examples: Goods Receipts
541
22.5.1 Goods Receipt for a Purchase Order
541
22.5.2 Goods Receipt without a Purchase Order
542
22.5.3 Goods Receipt for Returnable Transport Packaging
543
22.6 Summary
543
23 Physical Inventory
545
23.1 Physical Inventory Preparation
545
23.1.1 Preparations for a Physical Inventory Count
546
23.1.2 Creating the Physical Inventory Count Document
546
23.1.3 Printing the Physical Inventory Count Document
548
23.2 Counting and Recounts
550
23.2.1 Entering the Count
550
23.2.2 Difference List
551
23.2.3 Missing Material
553
23.2.4 Recounts
553
23.3 Physical Inventory Posting
554
23.3.1 Posting the Count Document
554
23.3.2 Posting a Count without a Document
556
23.3.3 Accounting of Inventory Differences
557
23.4 Business Examples: Physical Inventory
558
23.4.1 Physical Inventory Preparation
558
23.4.2 Physical Inventory Posting
559
23.5 Summary
560
24 Invoice Verification
561
24.1 Standard Three-Way Match
561
24.1.1 Entering an Invoice
562
24.1.2 Simulate Posting
563
24.1.3 Invoice Posting
564
24.2 Evaluated Receipt Settlement
565
24.2.1 Benefits of Evaluated Receipt Settlement
566
24.2.2 Running the Evaluated Receipt Settlement
567
24.3 Document Parking
568
24.3.1 Benefits of Document Parking
568
24.3.2 Parking an Invoice
568
24.4 Variances
569
24.4.1 Variances Overview
569
24.4.2 Tolerance Limits
569
24.5 Blocking Invoices
572
24.5.1 Manual Block
572
24.5.2 Stochastic or Random Block
574
24.5.3 Block Due to Amount of an Invoice Item
575
24.5.4 Block Due to Variance of an Invoice Item
577
24.6 Releasing Invoices
578
24.7 Business Examples: Invoice Verification
579
24.7.1 Evaluated Receipt Settlement
579
24.7.2 Variances
580
24.7.3 Blocking Invoices
581
24.8 Summary
582
25 Balance Sheet Valuation
583
25.1 Last In, First Out Valuation
583
25.1.1 Configuration for Last In, First Out
584
25.1.2 Preparation for Last In, First Out
586
25.1.3 Running a Last In, First Out Valuation
588
25.2 First In, First Out Valuation
589
25.2.1 Configuration for First In, First Out
590
25.2.2 Preparation for First In, First Out
590
25.2.3 Running a First In, First Out Valuation
591
25.3 Lowest Value Determination
593
25.3.1 Lowest Value Determination Based on Market Prices
593
25.3.2 Lowest Value Determination Based on Range of Coverage
595
25.3.3 Lowest Value Determination Based on Movement Rate
597
25.4 Business Examples: Balance Sheet Valuation
599
25.4.1 Last In, First Out Valuation
599
25.4.2 First In, First Out Valuation
599
25.4.3 Lowest Value Determination
600
25.5 Summary
600
26 Material Ledger
603
26.1 Material Ledger Overview
603
26.1.1 Activating the Material Ledger and Actual Costing
604
26.1.2 Benefits of Using the Material Ledger
605
26.2 Material Ledger Data
605
26.2.1 Material Master Record
606
26.2.2 Data for the Material Ledger
607
26.3 Material Price Determination
608
26.3.1 Material Price Analysis
608
26.3.2 Single-Level Material Price Determination
608
26.3.3 Multilevel Material Price Determination
610
26.3.4 Transaction-Based Material Price Determination
610
26.4 Business Examples: Material Ledger
611
26.4.1 Material Ledger Overview
611
26.4.2 Material Price Determination
612
26.5 Summary
612
27 Classification System
613
27.1 Classification Overview
613
27.1.1 What Is the SAP ERP Classification System?
614
27.1.2 Describing an Object
614
27.2 Characteristics
615
27.2.1 Create Characteristics
615
27.2.2 Configuring Characteristics
617
27.3 Classes
620
27.3.1 Create Classes
620
27.4 Class Type
622
27.4.1 Class Type Overview
622
27.4.2 Configuring a Class Type
623
27.5 Class Hierarchies
625
27.5.1 Creating a Class Hierarchy
625
27.5.2 Inherited Characteristics
625
27.6 Object Dependencies
626
27.6.1 Object Dependency Overview
626
27.6.2 Dependency Creation
626
27.7 Finding Objects Using Classification
627
27.7.1 Classifying Materials
627
27.7.2 Classifying Objects
628
27.7.3 Finding Objects
629
27.8 Business Examples: Classification
630
27.8.1 Characteristics and Classes
631
27.8.2 Finding Objects Using Classification
631
27.9 Summary
632
28 Document Management
633
28.1 Document Management Overview
634
28.2 Document Information Record
634
28.2.1 Document Number
634
28.2.2 Document Type
634
28.2.3 Document Part
635
28.2.4 Document Version
636
28.2.5 Document Status
636
28.3 Creating a Document
636
28.4 Linking an Object to a Document
638
28.4.1 Configuration for Linking Documents
638
28.4.2 Linking a Document to a Material Master Record
639
28.4.3 Linking a Document to a Vendor Master Record
639
28.5 Documents and Classification
640
28.5.1 Using Classification for Documents
640
28.5.2 Finding Documents
641
28.5.3 Document Information Record
642
28.5.4 Linking an Object to a Document
642
28.5.5 Using the Document Management System for Import Business Processes
643
28.6 Summary
644
29 Early Warning System
645
29.1 Overview
646
29.2 Early Warning System Setup
647
29.2.1 Create Exceptions
648
29.2.2 Group Exceptions
652
29.2.3 Set Up Periodic Analysis
653
29.3 Schedule an Early Warning System
655
29.4 Early Warning System in Action
656
29.5 Exception Analysis
658
29.6 Business Example: Early Warning System
659
29.7 Summary
660
30 Special Procurement Types
661
30.1 Overview
662
30.2 Direct Procurement
664
30.3 Stock Transfer (Interplant Transfer)
667
30.4 Withdrawal from Alternative Plant
670
30.5 Subcontracting
671
30.6 Consignment
675
30.7 Pipeline Material
677
30.8 Business Examples: Special Procurement Key
677
30.8.1 Direct Procurement
678
30.8.2 Stock Transfer (Interplant Transfer)
678
30.9 Summary
678
31 Reporting in SAP ERP
679
31.1 The Basics of Reporting
679
31.2 Purchasing Reports
681
31.2.1 General Analysis
682
31.2.2 Multiple Selection
683
31.2.3 Report Output
684
31.3 Inventory Management Reports
686
31.3.1 Graphs
687
31.3.2 Download
688
31.3.3 Copy Selective Data to Microsoft Excel
688
31.3.4 Print
688
31.3.5 Maintain Selection
688
31.3.6 Maintain Variant
688
31.4 Standard Analyses
689
31.4.1 Standard Analyses in Materials Management
690
31.4.2 Key Figures
693
31.4.3 Other Info Structures
694
31.4.4 Standard Analysis: ABC Analysis
694
31.5 Batch Information Cockpit
695
31.6 Summary
697
Appendices
699
A Bibliography
701
B Glossary
703
C List of Materials Management Transaction Codes
709
D The Authors
717
Index
719