Preface

15

Who This Book Is For

16

How This Book Is Organized

16

Data Model Download

19

Acknowledgments

20

1 SAP BW/4HANA and Its Ecosystem of Tools and Services

21

1.1 What Is Business Intelligence and How Is It Related to Digitization?

22

1.2 Merging Data Lakes and Data Warehouses

24

1.3 SAP Business Warehouse Releases

27

1.3.1 SAP Business Warehouse 7.3 on Any Database

27

1.3.2 SAP Business Warehouse 7.4 Powered by SAP HANA

28

1.3.3 SAP Business Warehouse 7.5 and SAP Business Warehouse Edition for SAP HANA

30

1.4 Navigating SAP BW/4HANA

31

1.4.1 Technical Users

31

1.4.2 Business Users

33

1.5 Deployment Scenarios

36

1.5.1 On-Premise

36

1.5.2 Public Cloud

37

1.5.3 Managed Cloud

44

1.6 Related Cloud Technologies

45

1.6.1 SAP Analytics Cloud

45

1.6.2 SAP Data Warehouse Cloud

46

1.6.3 SAP Data Intelligence

47

1.6.4 SAP Cloud Platform

49

1.7 Use Case of this Book

51

1.8 Summary

54

2 Architecture

57

2.1 The Evolution of the Layered Scalable Architecture (LSA++)

58

2.1.1 From LSA to LSA++

58

2.1.2 Model View Controller and LSA++

62

2.2 Business Intelligence Clients

67

2.3 Business Content

69

2.4 Data Protection Workbench

70

2.5 Multi-Temperature Data Management

72

2.5.1 Data Lifecycle Manager

72

2.5.2 Dynamic Tiering

75

2.6 Summary

77

3 Installation

79

3.1 Administering Instances in a Public Cloud Environment

79

3.1.1 The Architecture of Amazon Web Services

79

3.1.2 Creating an Account on SAP Cloud Appliance Library and Aligning It with Your Cloud Provider

83

3.1.3 Amazon Web Services Management Access from Windows

99

3.2 Setting Up the SAP BW/4HANA Client

100

3.2.1 Setting Up the SAP GUI Connection

101

3.2.2 Creating an Administrative User

104

3.2.3 Running Task Lists

109

3.2.4 Installing an SAP BW/4HANA License

111

3.2.5 Installing an SAP HANA License

113

3.2.6 Installing Support Packages

114

3.2.7 Setting Up the Generation of External SAP HANA Views

125

3.3 Installing SAP Business Planning and Consolidation, version for SAP BW/4HANA

127

3.3.1 Download

128

3.3.2 Add-On Installation

128

3.3.3 Configuration

134

3.4 Summary

138

4 Tools

139

4.1 SAP HANA Studio Installation and Configuration

139

4.1.1 Connecting the SAP BW/4HANA Server and SAP BW Modeling Tools via a Remote Desktop

140

4.1.2 Installing Eclipse and the SAP BW Modeling Tools

148

4.1.3 Connecting to SAP HANA

152

4.1.4 Creating an SAP HANA Archive Link

153

4.1.5 Configuring the SAP HANA Usage Type

155

4.1.6 Installing the ABAP Development Tools for Eclipse

155

4.1.7 Creating a Repository Workspace and Package

160

4.1.8 Creating a Developer Package

161

4.1.9 Error Handling

162

4.2 SAP HANA Client Tool Installation

167

4.2.1 Creating an ODBC Data Source for SAP HANA

168

4.2.2 HDBSQL Command-Line Tool

170

4.3 Enabling SAP BW/4HANA for SAP Analytics Cloud

171

4.4 Connecting to SAP Data Warehouse Cloud

176

4.4.1 Installing the Data Provisioning Agent

177

4.4.2 Connecting and Configuring the Data Provisioning Agent

185

4.4.3 Registering the Data Provisioning Adapters

190

4.5 SAP Data Intelligence

191

4.6 SAP S/4HANA Embedded Analytics

193

4.6.1 Embedded SAP BW in SAP S/4HANA

193

4.6.2 Core Data Services for ABAP

193

4.7 Summary

194

5 Security and Operations

195

5.1 SAP BW/4HANA Authorizations

196

5.1.1 Protected Actions

196

5.1.2 Protected Data Access

202

5.1.3 Granted Actions and Data Access

205

5.2 Read Access Logging

212

5.2.1 Configuring Read Access Logging

212

5.2.2 Enabling Read Access Logging on a DataStore Object (Advanced)

218

5.3 SAP HANA Authorizations

223

5.3.1 Creating SAP HANA Users Manually

223

5.3.2 Authorization Control via Decentralized User Administration

226

5.3.3 Authorization Control within the SAP HANA Database

227

5.3.4 Setting Up the Authorization Concept for the SAP HANA Database

229

5.3.5 Representation of Authorization Trees

247

5.3.6 Detecting Authorization Errors

250

5.3.7 Setting Up Privileges for ABAP Development Tools

253

5.3.8 Modeling Analytical Privileges

254

5.4 SAP BW/4HANA Transports

258

5.4.1 Change and Transport Management

259

5.4.2 Transport Management in SAP HANA

261

5.4.3 Mixed Transports

265

5.5 SAP BW/4HANA Operations

266

5.5.1 Data Warehousing Workbench

267

5.5.2 Process Chains App

268

5.5.3 Process Types

270

5.5.4 Monitoring Views for Core Data Services

272

5.6 Summary

273

6 Basic Data Modeling

275

6.1 Modeling Objects

275

6.1.1 Creating InfoAreas

276

6.1.2 Creating Source Systems

276

6.1.3 Creating Application Components

286

6.1.4 Creating Data Sources

287

6.1.5 Creating Data Flow Objects

303

6.1.6 Creating Open ODS Views

308

6.1.7 Creating InfoSources

320

6.1.8 Creating InfoObjects

323

6.1.9 Creating Transformations

329

6.1.10 Creating DataStore Objects (Advanced)

331

6.1.11 Creating Data Transfer Processes

359

6.1.12 Creating Open Hub Destinations

366

6.1.13 Creating CompositeProviders

373

6.1.14 Creating Queries

375

6.1.15 Creating Variables

377

6.1.16 Creating Semantic Groups

384

6.2 Modeling Process Chains in the SAP BW/4HANA Cockpit

392

6.2.1 Generating Process Chains from Data Flows

392

6.2.2 Meta Process Chains

399

6.3 Master Data Modeling

401

6.3.1 Surrogate ID Tables and Views

402

6.3.2 Text Tables

403

6.3.3 Tables and Views for Attributes

404

6.3.4 Tables and Views for Hierarchies

405

6.3.5 Tables and Views for Enhanced Master Data Updates

406

6.4 Hybrid Data Modeling with SAP HANA

412

6.4.1 Native DataStore Objects

416

6.4.2 Data Distribution Optimizer

418

6.5 Modeling for SAP Business Planning and Consolidation, version for SAP BW/4HANA (Embedded Configuration)

419

6.5.1 Creating a Planning-Enabled InfoProvider

419

6.5.2 Creating Data Slices on the Basis InfoProvider

422

6.5.3 Creating a Characteristic Relationship on the Basis InfoProvider

424

6.5.4 Creating an Aggregation Level

426

6.5.5 Creating a Planning-Enabled Query

428

6.5.6 Running a Planning-Enabled Query in SAP Analysis for Microsoft Office

430

6.6 Summary

433

7 Advanced Data Modeling

435

7.1 Data Distribution

436

7.1.1 Data Distribution in Semantically Partitioned Groups

436

7.1.2 Data Distribution through Partitioning

437

7.1.3 Data Distribution with Dynamic Tiering

443

7.2 Virtual Data Modeling

447

7.2.1 Virtual Characteristics with SAP HANA Information Views

447

7.2.2 Open ODS Views on Calculation Views

456

7.2.3 CompositeProvider on Calculation Views

461

7.3 Modeling CompositeProviders

466

7.3.1 Inner Joins in CompositeProviders

466

7.3.2 Outer Joins in CompositeProviders

467

7.3.3 Row-Level Security with CompositeProviders

469

7.4 Native SAP HANA Data Modeling

469

7.4.1 Generating External SAP HANA Views for SAP BW/4HANA Queries

471

7.4.2 Generating External SAP HANA Views for Characteristics

473

7.4.3 Generating External SAP HANA Views for DataStore Objects (Advanced)

478

7.4.4 Generating External SAP HANA Views for CompositeProviders

480

7.4.5 Naming Convention for Self-Developed Information Models

483

7.4.6 Modeling Calculation Views

485

7.4.7 Modeling Classic Analytical Privileges

488

7.5 Data Modeling in SAP Data Warehouse Cloud

491

7.5.1 Configuring SAP Data Warehouse Cloud

492

7.5.2 Data Modeling in Data Builder

500

7.5.3 Creating Entity-Relationship Models

506

7.5.4 SAP BW/4HANA Model Transfer

508

7.6 Remodeling Code with the ABAP Development Tools

508

7.6.1 Customer Exits in SAP BW/4HANA

508

7.6.2 Developing Transformations with ABAP Managed Database Procedures

508

7.7 Summary

515

8 Analytics Clients for Business Intelligence

517

8.1 SAP Analytics Cloud

517

8.1.1 Creating an Account

518

8.1.2 Live Connectivity to SAP BW/4HANA

520

8.1.3 Import Connectivity to SAP BW/4HANA and SAP HANA

526

8.1.4 Live Connectivity to SAP HANA

540

8.1.5 SAP Analytics Cloud, Add-In for Microsoft Office

552

8.1.6 Tenant Configuration

555

8.1.7 Cloud Model Building

556

8.2 SAP Lumira

572

8.2.1 Connecting with SAP Lumira, Designer Edition

573

8.2.2 Connecting with SAP Lumira, Discovery Edition

580

8.3 SAP Analysis for Microsoft Office

584

8.4 Native BI Portal Applications with SAP HANA XSA and SAP Fiori

586

8.5 Third-Party Clients for the Mac

587

8.5.1 MicroStrategy Desktop

587

8.5.2 Tableau Desktop

593

8.6 Microsoft Excel via MDX

596

8.7 Summary

599

9 Deployment Options

601

9.1 Conversion versus Transformation

601

9.2 Planning Your Migration to SAP BW/4HANA

602

9.2.1 Technical Requirements

602

9.2.2 Business Content for SAP BW/4HANA

604

9.3 SAP BW/4HANA in a Virtual Private Cloud

609

9.3.1 Installation Procedure in the Virtual Private Cloud

611

9.3.2 Capacity Planning with Amazon Web Services

612

9.3.3 Preconfiguration with AWS CloudFormation

612

9.3.4 Amazon Machine Images

614

9.3.5 Authorization Concept of Amazon Web Services

615

9.3.6 Scale-Out Architectures with AWS CloudFormation

618

9.3.7 SAP Landscape Management

619

9.4 Greenfield Installation

623

9.5 In-Place Conversion

626

9.5.1 Changes at the Reporting Level

628

9.5.2 Changes to Data Flows

630

9.5.3 Migration Cockpit for SAP BW/4HANA

630

9.5.4 Transfer Tool of the Starter Add-on for SAP BW/4HANA

637

9.5.5 Remote Conversion

643

9.5.6 Shell Conversion

643

9.6 Summary

644

10 Roadmap

645

10.1 Data Distribution and Management

645

10.2 Data Protection Workbench

647

10.3 Process Chains

647

10.4 Performance Improvements

648

10.5 SAP Analytics Cloud Integration

648

10.6 SAP Data Warehouse Cloud Integration

648

10.7 Summary

649