Inhaltsverzeichnis

Alle Kapitel aufklappen
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Foreword
21
Introduction
23
PART I The Big Picture
29
1 SAP ERP Architecture and Data Components
31
1.1 Client/Server Architecture in Brief
32
1.2 The SAP ERP Database
35
1.2.1 The Repository
35
1.2.2 Customer Data
36
1.2.3 Technical Implementation
37
1.3 SAP ERP Clients
37
1.3.1 Technical Implementation
38
1.3.2 Data Components
39
1.3.3 Standard SAP ERP Clients
42
1.4 Questions
43
2 Realizing Business Processes in SAP ERP
45
2.1 Customizing
46
2.1.1 SAP ERP Reference Model
47
2.1.2 Implementation Guide (IMG)
48
2.2 Development
53
2.2.1 ABAP Workbench
54
2.2.2 Customer-Developed Repository Objects
55
2.2.3 Enhancements
56
2.2.4 Modifications
59
2.3 Questions
63
3 The SAP ERP System Landscape
67
3.1 SAP ERP Client Roles
68
3.1.1 Critical Client Roles
68
3.1.2 Additional Client Roles
71
3.2 Defining an SAP Client
74
3.2.1 Client-Dependent Change Option
75
3.2.2 Client-Independent Change Option
77
3.3 Multiple Clients in an SAP ERP System
79
3.3.1 Functional Limitations
79
3.3.2 Technical Limitations
80
3.3.3 Protective Measures for Multiple-Client Operations
81
3.4 The SAP Three-System Landscape
82
3.4.1 Standard SAP Systems
82
3.4.2 Distribution of Client Roles
83
3.5 Alternative System Landscapes
86
3.5.1 One-System Landscape
86
3.5.2 Two-System Landscape
87
3.5.3 Four-System Landscape
89
3.6 Complex System Landscapes
89
3.6.1 Multiple Production System Landscape
90
3.6.2 Phased System Landscape
94
3.6.3 Global System Landscape
100
3.7 Questions
105
4 Managing Changes and Data in an SAP ERP System Landscape
109
4.1 Transporting Customizing and Development Changes
109
4.1.1 Change Requests and Tasks
110
4.1.2 Preparing Changes
114
4.1.3 Importing Changes
117
4.1.4 Change and Transport System (CTS)
122
4.2 Transferring Data
124
4.2.1 Master Data
125
4.2.2 Transaction Data
128
4.2.3 User Master Data
131
4.3 Copying SAP ERP Systems and Clients
134
4.3.1 System Copy
134
4.3.2 Client Copy
135
4.4 Questions
136
5 Setting Up a System Landscape
139
5.1 Setting Up the Development System
139
5.1.1 Post-Installation Processing
140
5.1.2 Setting Up the Transport Management System (TMS)
141
5.1.3 Creating Clients
142
5.2 Setting Up the Quality Assurance and Production Systems
146
5.2.1 After Installing the New SAP System
147
5.2.2 Change Request Strategy
148
5.2.3 Quality Assurance Procedure of the TMS
151
5.2.4 Client Copy Strategy
153
5.3 System Copy Strategy
158
5.3.1 System Copy of Quality Assurance
159
5.3.2 Cleaning Up after a System Copy
160
5.4 Release Considerations
162
5.5 Questions
165
6 Maintaining a System Landscape
167
6.1 Implementation Plan
168
6.2 Managing Implementation Projects
170
6.2.1 Implementation Phases
170
6.2.2 Managing Change Requests
172
6.2.3 Unit Testing
175
6.2.4 Releasing and Exporting Change Requests
177
6.3 Transport Management
179
6.3.1 Exporting Change Requests
180
6.3.2 Importing Change Requests
181
6.3.3 Post-Import Issues
188
6.3.4 Importing into the Production System
190
6.4 Business Validation
197
6.4.1 Testing Procedures
197
6.4.2 SAP Testing Tools
199
6.5 Support for the SAP Standard
202
6.5.1 Support for an SAP Release
202
6.5.2 Release Upgrades
207
6.6 Questions
208
PART II Technical Tasks
211
7 Transport Setup Activities at Installation
213
7.1 Specifying the System ID (SID)
213
7.2 Setting Up the Transport Directory
214
7.2.1 One or Many Transport Directories
216
7.2.2 Transport Directory Structure
217
7.2.3 Procedure
219
7.3 Configuring a Transport Profile
225
7.3.1 Transport Profile as of R/3 Release 4.5
225
7.3.2 Profile Syntax
228
7.3.3 Required Parameters
231
7.4 Activities within SAP ERP
238
7.4.1 Initializing the Change and Transport Organizer (CTO)
239
7.4.2 Setting the Global System Change Option
240
7.4.3 Verifying Required Background Jobs
243
7.4.4 Verifying Background Work Processes
244
7.5 Questions
244
8 Setting Up the TMS
247
8.1 TMS Terminology and Concepts
247
8.1.1 Transport Domain
248
8.1.2 Transport Routes
251
8.2 Setting Up the Transport Domain
254
8.2.1 Setting Up the Domain Controller
255
8.2.2 Extending the Transport Domain
257
8.2.3 Backup Domain Controller
264
8.2.4 Verifying the Transport Domain
266
8.2.5 Technical Aspects of the Configuration Process
270
8.3 Configuring Transport Routes
276
8.3.1 Procedure
276
8.3.2 Extending and Changing a Transport Route Configuration
281
8.3.3 Extended Transport Control
288
8.4 Verifying the System Landscape Setup
294
8.4.1 Verifying the TMS Setup
295
8.4.2 Verifying the Transport Route Configuration
296
8.4.3 The Alert Monitor
297
8.5 Questions
298
9 Client Tools
301
9.1 Creating Clients
302
9.1.1 Client Entries
302
9.1.2 Client Settings
305
9.2 Providing a Client with Data
309
9.2.1 Selecting a Client Copy Tool
310
9.2.2 Using Client Copy Profiles to Select Data
312
9.2.3 Local and Remote Client Copy
315
9.2.4 Client Transport
317
9.2.5 Monitoring and Verifying a Client Copy
323
9.2.6 Considerations for a Client Copy
328
9.3 Deleting a Client
333
9.4 Table Logging for a Client
334
9.4.1 Resource Constraints
334
9.4.2 Activating Table Logging
335
9.4.3 Viewing Table Logs
337
9.4.4 Removing Change Documents
340
9.5 Authorization Profiles for Client Tools
341
9.6 Questions
343
PART III Tools
345
10 Managing Development Changes
347
10.1 Development Prerequisites
347
10.1.1 SSCR Registration of Developers
348
10.1.2 Packages
349
10.2 Workbench Change Requests
361
10.2.1 Transportable Change Request
362
10.2.2 Local Change Request
363
10.2.3 Tasks
363
10.2.4 Viewing Workbench Change Requests
364
10.2.5 Creating a Workbench Change Request
367
10.2.6 Recording Repository Objects to Change Requests
370
10.2.7 Object List of Change Requests and Tasks
372
10.3 Repairs and Modifications
378
10.3.1 Setting the Repair Flag
379
10.3.2 Modification Assistant
379
10.3.3 Modification Browser
381
10.3.4 Modifications
381
10.4 SAP Enhancement Concept
384
10.5 The Object Directory
398
10.5.1 Object Attributes
400
10.5.2 Displaying or Changing an Object Directory Entry
401
10.5.3 Transporting Objects Using the Transport Organizer (Extended View)
403
10.6 Questions
406
11 Managing Customizing Changes
409
11.1 Customizing Prerequisites
409
11.2 Customizing Change Requests
413
11.2.1 Viewing Customizing Change Requests
414
11.2.2 Creating Customizing Change Requests
415
11.2.3 Customizing in Project IMGs
418
11.2.4 Recording Customizing Changes
421
11.2.5 Object Lists for Customizing Change Requests
424
11.2.6 Identifying Change Requests with the Same Object
427
11.3 Nonstandard Customizing Activities
429
11.3.1 Client-Independent Customizing Activities
429
11.3.2 Manual Transports and Other Transport Types
433
11.3.3 Customizing in a Production Client
435
11.4 Support Tools for Customizing
436
11.4.1 Comparing Customizing in Two Clients
437
11.4.2 Single comparison with Transaction SCMP
446
11.4.3 Business Configuration Sets
448
11.4.4 Customizing Transfer Assistant
449
11.5 Questions
452
12 Releasing and Exporting Change Requests
455
12.1 Documenting Change Requests and Tasks
456
12.1.1 Creating and Changing Documentation
456
12.1.2 Action Logs for Change Requests
457
12.2 Unit Testing
458
12.2.1 Client-Dependent Customizing
458
12.2.2 SAPscript Styles and Forms
460
12.2.3 Report Variants
461
12.3 Releasing a Task
462
12.3.1 Release Errors
462
12.3.2 Impact on the Change Request
463
12.4 Releasing a Change Request
465
12.4.1 Merging Change Requests
466
12.4.2 Procedure for Releasing a Change Request
467
12.4.3 The Export Process
472
12.4.4 Authorizations
475
12.5 Transport Logs
476
12.5.1 Managing Transport Logs
478
12.5.2 Displaying Transport Errors at Logon
478
12.6 Versioning for Repository Objects
480
12.6.1 Version Management
481
12.6.2 Versions in Nondevelopment Systems
483
12.7 Questions
484
13 Importing Change Requests
487
13.1 Understanding Import Queues
487
13.1.1 Import Overview
488
13.1.2 Import Queue
490
13.2 Performing Imports
495
13.2.1 Before Performing Imports
495
13.2.2 Import All
497
13.2.3 Preliminary Imports
499
13.3 Managing Import Queues
502
13.3.1 Forwarding a Change Request
502
13.3.2 Deleting a Change Request from an Import Queue
503
13.3.3 Adding a Change Request to an Import Queue
504
13.3.4 Moving an End Mark
504
13.3.5 Performing Checks
505
13.4 Scheduling Imports
509
13.4.1 Importing into Multiple Clients
510
13.4.2 Importing into Multiple Clients without Extended Transport Control
511
13.4.3 Importing an Import Queue into Multiple Clients
512
13.5 Monitoring Imports
513
13.5.1 Import Monitor
513
13.5.2 tp System Log
514
13.5.3 Action Log File
515
13.5.4 Single Step Log Files
515
13.6 Transporting between Transport Groups
515
13.7 Transporting between Transport Domains
517
13.7.1 Configuration
519
13.7.2 Transport
520
13.7.3 Linking Domains Using Domain Links
522
13.8 TMS Authorization
523
13.9 Questions
524
14 Technical Insight into the Import Process
527
14.1 The Transport Control Program tp
528
14.1.1 Prerequisites
528
14.1.2 Command Syntax
529
14.1.3 Import Queues and Import Buffers
530
14.1.4 Performing Imports Using tp
533
14.1.5 tp Processing Sequence
538
14.2 Using Log Files for Troubleshooting
543
14.2.1 Generic Log Files
543
14.2.2 Single Step Log Files
544
14.2.3 Return Codes
546
14.2.4 Troubleshooting Techniques
548
14.3 Buffer Synchronization
554
14.4 Naming Conventions in the Transport Directory
556
14.5 Understanding Transport Tools
560
14.5.1 The Transport Program R3trans
560
14.5.2 ABAP Programs
563
14.6 Questions
569
15 SAP NetWeaver Development Infrastructure
573
15.1 The SAP NetWeaver Application Server Structure
573
15.2 Overview of the Java Development Process
575
15.3 Parts of the SAP NetWeaver Development Infrastructure
580
15.4 Configuration of the SAP NetWeaver Development Infrastructure
584
15.4.1 Local Development Environment
584
15.4.2 Overview of the Different Development Scenarios
585
15.5 Configuration of the SAP NetWeaver Development Infrastructure
592
15.5.1 Configuration of the System Landscape Directory
593
15.5.2 Setting Up Users and Authorizations
597
15.5.3 Setting Up SAP NetWeaver Developer Studio
599
15.5.4 Creating Products and Software Components
600
15.5.5 Creating a Domain and Track in the Change Management Service
602
15.5.6 Creating a Development Component
605
15.6 Developing in the SAP NetWeaver Development Infrastructure
605
15.6.1 Creating a J2EE Application
607
15.6.2 Creating a Local Build and Carrying Out the Local Tests
608
15.6.3 Check-in of Changes
608
15.6.4 Activation in the CBS, Central Deployment, and Central Test
610
15.6.5 Release of Changes to the Consolidation System
611
15.7 Transporting Java Projects
611
15.8 Summary
614
15.9 Questions
615
16 Enhanced Change and Transport System
617
16.1 Overview and Architecture
619
16.2 Performing Transports for Non-ABAP Objects
621
16.2.1 Export of a Portal Development from the Portal Content Studio
622
16.2.2 Transport Organizer Web UI
623
16.2.3 Import Transport Requests with Non-ABAP Objects
627
16.3 Configuration of the Enhanced Change and Transport System
627
16.3.1 Setting up the ABAP Stack
628
16.3.2 Setting up the Java Stack
629
16.3.3 Setting up the TMS System Landscape
629
16.3.4 Configuration Parameters for Non-ABAP Source Systems
632
16.3.5 Configuration Parameters for Non-ABAP Target Systems
632
16.3.6 Connection of the Development Environment to the Transport System (Close Coupling)
633
16.4 CTS+ Transport Landscapes
635
16.4.1 Non-ABAP System
635
16.4.2 Dual-Stack System
637
16.4.3 Combined CTS+ Applications
638
16.5 Questions
640
17 Maintaining SAP Software
643
17.1 Making Manual Corrections on the Basis of SAP Notes
644
17.1.1 SAP HotNews
644
17.1.2 SAP TopNotes
646
17.2 Implementing Notes with the SAP Note Assistant
647
17.2.1 Registering Manually-Implemented Notes
648
17.2.2 Processing Notes
649
17.2.3 Implementation Status and Processing Status of Notes
667
17.3 ABAP Support Packages
669
17.3.1 Applying ABAP Support Packages
671
17.3.2 Modification Adjustment
696
17.4 Java Corrections
697
17.4.1 Java Correction Types
697
17.4.2 Version Information of a Java System
700
17.4.3 Java Support Package Manager (JSPM)
701
17.4.4 Importing Java Support Packages
705
17.5 Support Package Stacks
707
17.5.1 SP Stack Strategy with the Usual Import Procedure
709
17.5.2 Cross-System Support Package Stacks
712
17.5.3 Details of the Components in SAP Support Package Stacks
712
17.5.4 SP Stack Calendar
714
17.6 Side Effects
715
17.7 Questions
717
18 SAP Software Release Upgrade
719
18.1 Lifecycle of an SAP Production System
719
18.1.1 SAP Release and Maintenance Strategy
720
18.1.2 Upgrade Motivation
722
18.2 Release Change Process
724
18.2.1 SAP System Switch Upgrade Procedure
728
18.2.2 SAP System Switch Upgrade in Detail
730
18.3 Modification Adjustment
735
18.3.1 Modification Adjustment During Release Changes
739
18.3.2 Modification Adjustment During the Import of Support Packages
742
18.3.3 Modification Assistant
745
18.4 Upgrade Strategies for a Transport Landscape
747
18.4.1 Release Change in a Three-System Landscape
748
18.4.2 Release Change with an Additional Development System
749
18.4.3 Release Change with Five Systems
750
18.5 SAP Enhancement Packages
754
18.5.1 Implementation Activities for SAP Enhancement Packages
756
18.5.2 Technical Implementation
761
18.6 Upgrades and Unicode
768
18.6.1 CU&UC
775
18.6.2 TU&UC
776
18.6.3 Unicode Hardware Requirements
777
18.6.4 Unicode Transports
779
18.7 Java Upgrade
780
18.8 Additional Recommendations for a Release Change
786
18.8.1 Upgrade Tools and SAP Upgrade Service Offers
786
18.8.2 Other Recommendations
794
18.9 Questions
798
19 SAP Solution Manager
801
19.1 Customizing Synchronization
805
19.1.1 Customizing Distribution
806
19.1.2 The Customizing Scout
811
19.1.3 Creating and Loading Synchronization Objects
819
19.2 Change Request Management
821
19.2.1 Change Request Management Workflow
824
19.2.2 Architecture
826
19.2.3 Project Cycles
828
19.2.4 Task List
832
19.2.5 Change Management Work Center
833
19.2.6 Change Request
834
19.2.7 Change Types
836
19.2.8 Change Tracking
839
19.3 Change Analysis
842
19.3.1 Features
843
19.3.2 Performing an Analysis
843
19.3.3 Architecture
848
19.4 SAP Maintenance Optimizer
851
19.4.1 Features
851
19.4.2 Integration with other Tools
852
19.4.3 Setting up Maintenance Optimizer
853
19.4.4 Import of Support Packages
854
19.4.5 Import of Enhancement Packages
861
19.4.6 Reporting for Maintenance Procedures
864
19.5 Upgrade Support
865
19.6 Questions
875
A Transport Profile Parameters
881
B Selected Transaction Codes
899
C Glossary
905
D Questions and Answers
933
D.1 Chapter 1: SAP ERP Architecture and Data Components
933
D.2 Chapter 2: Realizing Business Processes in SAP ERP
934
D.3 Chapter 3: The SAP ERP System Landscape
936
D.4 Chapter 4: Managing Changes and Data in an SAP ERP System Landscape
939
D.5 Chapter 5: Setting Up a System Landscape
942
D.6 Chapter 6: Maintaining a System Landscape
943
D.7 Chapter 7: Transport Setup Activities at Installation
945
D.8 Chapter 8: Setting Up the TMS
947
D.9 Chapter 9: Client Tools
949
D.10 Chapter 10: Managing Development Changes
951
D.11 Chapter 11: Managing Customizing Changes
952
D.12 Chapter 12: Releasing and Exporting Change Requests
954
D.13 Chapter 13: Importing Change Requests
956
D.14 Chapter 14: Technical Insight—the Import Process
958
D.15 Chapter 15: SAP NetWeaver Development Infrastructure
961
D.16 Chapter 16: Enhanced Change and Transport System
963
D.17 Chapter 17: Maintaining SAP Software
965
D.18 Chapter 18: SAP Software Release Upgrade
967
D.19 Chapter 19: SAP Solution Manager
970
E Literature
973
E.1 SAP Online Help
973
E.2 SAP Training Courses
973
E.3 SAP Developer Network (SDN)
974
E.4 SAP Service Marketplace
974
E.5 Bibliography
974
F Authors
977
Index
979