1 Introduction to SAP Process Orchestration

29

1.1 Historical Overview and Evolution

29

1.1.1 SAP Process Integration

30

1.1.2 SAP Composition Environment

31

1.1.3 SAP Process Orchestration

32

1.2 SAP Process Orchestration Components

33

1.2.1 SAP Process Integration

33

1.2.2 Business Process Management

37

1.2.3 Business Rules Management

38

1.3 Architectural Overview and Positioning

39

1.3.1 SAP Process Orchestration Positioning

40

1.3.2 AS Java System Architecture

41

1.3.3 AS Java System Logical Layers

44

1.4 Installation Options

47

1.4.1 Case 1: SAP Process Integration Dual Stack

47

1.4.2 Case 2: SAP PI Dual Stack and SAP Composition Environment in Separate Installations

49

1.4.3 Case 3: SAP PI Single Stack and SAP Composition Environment in Separate Installations

50

1.4.4 Case 4: SAP PO—SAP PI and SAP Composition Environment in a Single Installation

51

1.5 Summary

51

2 Administration and Development Tools

53

2.1 Process Orchestration Tools

53

2.1.1 Enterprise Services Repository

55

2.1.2 Integration Directory

63

2.1.3 System Landscape Directory

65

2.1.4 Configuration and Monitoring

69

2.2 SAP NetWeaver Administrator

70

2.2.1 Availability and Performance

73

2.2.2 Operations

74

2.2.3 Configuration

75

2.2.4 Troubleshooting

76

2.2.5 SOA

76

2.3 SAP NetWeaver Developer Studio

78

2.3.1 Use and Download

78

2.3.2 SAP PO and SAP NetWeaver Developer Studio

79

2.3.3 New Functions

82

2.4 Summary

83

3 Configuring the System Landscape Directory

87

3.1 System Landscape Directory Components and Features

88

3.1.1 Landscape

88

3.1.2 Software Catalog

94

3.1.3 Development

98

3.2 Registering Systems to the SLD

102

3.2.1 Connecting to ABAP-Based Systems

102

3.2.2 Connecting to Java-Based Systems

103

3.2.3 Connecting to Other Systems

105

3.3 Administration of the SLD

105

3.3.1 Server

105

3.3.2 Data and Content

107

3.4 System Landscape Directory Strategies

108

3.4.1 Manual Export and Import of Data

109

3.4.2 Automatic Bridge Forwarding

110

3.4.3 Full Automatic Synchronization

111

3.5 Tips and Tricks

114

3.5.1 Naming Convention

114

3.5.2 Keeping Your SLD Catalogs Up-to-Date

115

3.5.3 Self-Registration of a Java-Based System with the SLD

116

3.5.4 Configuring Data Suppliers from One SLD to Another SLD

117

3.5.5 Manual Export and Import of Data

118

3.5.6 Connecting SLD to CTS+ to Facilitate the Export and Import of SLD Data

118

3.6 Summary

120

4 Working with the Enterprise Services Repository and Registry

121

4.1 Basic ES Repository Technical Concepts

122

4.1.1 Functional Blocks

122

4.1.2 First Steps in the ES Repository

124

4.1.3 Service Interface

125

4.1.4 Integration Patterns: Stateful and Stateless Communication

126

4.1.5 Asynchronous versus Synchronous

127

4.1.6 Quality of Service

129

4.2 Design Objects

130

4.2.1 Software Component Versions

130

4.2.2 Folders

130

4.2.3 Namespaces

131

4.2.4 Mappings

133

4.2.5 Process Integration Scenario

135

4.2.6 Actions

136

4.3 Data Types and Message Types

137

4.3.1 Data Types

137

4.3.2 External Definitions

138

4.3.3 Message Type

139

4.3.4 Additional Design Objects

140

4.4 Summary

141

5 Working with the Integration Directory

143

5.1 Integration Directory Overview

143

5.2 Collaboration Profiles

145

5.2.1 Party

145

5.2.2 Communication Component

146

5.2.3 Communication Channel

149

5.2.4 Communication Component without a Party

158

5.3 Adapter Types

161

5.3.1 Technical Adapters to Enable Communication with Other Systems (SAP or Third-Party Systems)

161

5.3.2 Application Adapters to Enable Communication with an SAP System

162

5.3.3 SAP Industry Adapters

162

5.3.4 Third-Party-Developed Adapters

163

5.4 Integrated Configuration

163

5.4.1 Inbound Processing

164

5.4.2 Receiver

167

5.4.3 Receiver Interfaces

170

5.4.4 Outbound Processing

171

5.5 The XI Message Protocol

174

5.6 Configuration Scenario

176

5.6.1 Creating a Configuration Scenario from Scratch (Manually)

176

5.6.2 Creating a Configuration Scenario from a Model

177

5.7 Value Mapping

177

5.7.1 If/Else Logic

178

5.7.2 Fixed Values

179

5.7.3 Value Mapping

180

5.8 B2B Integration

181

5.8.1 B2B On-Premise

181

5.8.2 B2B Managed Services

182

5.8.3 Trading Partner Management

182

5.9 Axis Framework

183

5.10 Message Alerting

187

5.10.1 Creating an Alert Rule

191

5.10.2 Editing or Deleting a Rule

193

5.11 Publish the Service in the Services Registry

194

5.12 Integration Directory Programming Interface (Directory API)

194

5.13 Summary

197

6 Building an Integration Flow

199

6.1 SAP NetWeaver Developer Studio

200

6.1.1 Installing SAP NetWeaver Developer Studio

200

6.1.2 Setting Up SAP NetWeaver Developer Studio

201

6.1.3 Enterprise Integration Patterns and User-Defined Templates

204

6.2 Basics of Creating and Configuring an Integration Flow

206

6.2.1 Creating an iFlow

206

6.2.2 Configuring an iFlow

208

6.3 iFlow Example

213

6.3.1 Creating Products, Software Components, Business Systems, and Technical Systems in the SLD

214

6.3.2 Importing SLD Objects into the ES Repository in SAP NetWeaver Developer Studio

217

6.3.3 Create Enterprise Service Repository Objects

218

6.3.4 Create Directory Objects: Import Business Systems and Create iFlows

226

6.3.5 Testing the iFlow Scenario

230

6.3.6 Monitoring the Scenario

230

6.4 Summary

231

7 Administration and Monitoring in AEX

233

7.1 Administration

233

7.1.1 Central Administration Tool

234

7.1.2 SAP NetWeaver Administrator

236

7.1.3 SAP NetWeaver Application Server Java

236

7.1.4 SAP PI Monitoring (pimon)

236

7.1.5 SAP Management Console

237

7.1.6 Config Tool

237

7.1.7 Administration Using Telnet

238

7.2 Monitoring

238

7.2.1 SAP NetWeaver Administrator

239

7.2.2 SAP PI Local Monitoring (pimon)

239

7.2.3 SAP PI Central Monitoring with SAP Solution Manager

243

7.2.4 Message Retention

246

7.3 Troubleshooting

246

7.3.1 Configuring Log and Traces

248

7.3.2 Using the Log Viewer

250

7.4 Summary

252

8 Migrating Interfaces from SAP PI Dual Stack to SAP PO

255

8.1 Migration Strategies

255

8.2 Migrating System Landscape Directory Content

259

8.2.1 Products

259

8.2.2 Software Components

260

8.2.3 Technical System

261

8.2.4 Business System

261

8.3 Migrating Enterprise Services Repository Content

262

8.3.1 Exporting Objects

262

8.3.2 Importing Objects

263

8.4 Migrating Integration Directory Content

263

8.4.1 Manually

264

8.4.2 Using the Migration Tool

265

8.5 Summary

275

9 Introduction to SAP BPM and BPMN 2.0

279

9.1 Managing Business Processes

280

9.2 SAP BPM

282

9.2.1 SAP BPM versus SAP Business Workflow

283

9.2.2 How Things Were before SAP BPM

284

9.2.3 SAP BPM Main Components

287

9.3 Business Process Model and Notation 2.0

288

9.3.1 Swimlanes

291

9.3.2 Artifacts

293

9.3.3 Flow Objects

295

9.3.4 Connections

305

9.4 Summary

307

10 Creating Your First SAP Business Process Management Process

309

10.1 SAP BPM Positioning and Development Environment

309

10.1.1 Positioning

309

10.1.2 Setting Up Your Development Environment

311

10.2 Implementation of a BPM Process

315

10.2.1 Demonstration Scenario

315

10.2.2 How to Build a BPM Process: Steps Overview

317

10.2.3 SAP NetWeaver Developer Studio Perspective Concept

317

10.2.4 Create a Project in SAP NetWeaver Developer Studio

319

10.2.5 Creating a Process for Your BPMN

324

10.2.6 Creating a BPMN Model

326

10.2.7 General Configuration of Your BPMN Model

332

10.3 Flow Objects

343

10.3.1 Events

343

10.3.2 Tasks

354

10.3.3 Activities

363

10.3.4 Gateways

382

10.3.5 Artifacts

386

10.4 Build and Deploy your Process

388

10.4.1 Steps for Building a Process

389

10.4.2 Steps for Deploying a Process

390

10.5 Advanced Mapping

391

10.5.1 Mappings

391

10.5.2 Options in Mapping Assignment

393

10.5.3 Automatic Mapping

394

10.5.4 Custom Functions

396

10.6 Implementing Error Handling

398

10.7 Combining BPM and AEX: The Orchestration

400

10.7.1 Message from SAP BPM to the AEX

402

10.7.2 Message from the AEX to SAP BPM

403

10.7.3 Leverage an ES Repository Mapping in SAP BPM

404

10.8 Summary

407

11 Applying Advanced SAP BPM Concepts and Extensions

409

11.1 SOA Configuration

409

11.1.1 Configuration for an Automated Activity

410

11.1.2 Configuration for a Start Event or Intermediary Event

421

11.2 Testing and Running an SAP BPM Process

423

11.2.1 Process Repository Overview

423

11.2.2 Process Testing

426

11.3 Custom EJB Function

429

11.3.1 Create EJB and EAR Development Components

430

11.3.2 Create the EJB

432

11.3.3 Build and Deploy

435

11.3.4 Create a New EJB function

435

11.4 Using the Claim Check Pattern

438

11.4.1 Create Interfaces

439

11.4.2 Create Mappings

439

11.4.3 Configure the Channel

440

11.4.4 Retrieve the Large Message from SAP BPM

441

11.4.5 Update the Status of the Large Message from SAP BPM

441

11.5 SAP BPM Application Programming Interface

442

11.5.1 Prerequisite to Use the SAP BPM API

442

11.5.2 Implementation Aspects and Examples

443

11.6 SAP BPM OData

445

11.6.1 OData Services for Tasks and Task Data

446

11.6.2 Error Handling

447

11.7 Debugging and Troubleshooting SAP BPM Processes

447

11.7.1 Place Breakpoints in the Process

448

11.7.2 Add a Debug Configuration

449

11.8 Tuning SAP BPM-Related Performance Parameters

451

11.9 Best Practices for Your SAP BPM Application

453

11.9.1 BPMN, Mapping, and Parallelism

453

11.9.2 Task Related

454

11.9.3 Gateways

454

11.9.4 Looping

455

11.9.5 Data Object

455

11.9.6 Correlation

455

11.9.7 Error Handling

455

11.9.8 Housekeeping

456

11.10 Summary

456

12 Combining SAP BPM and UI Technologies

459

12.1 Web Dynpro Java UI Technology

459

12.1.1 Generating a Web Dynpro UI

461

12.1.2 Post-Configuration Steps

466

12.2 Integrating SAPUI5 into an SAP BPM Process

470

12.2.1 SAPUI5 Technology Platform

471

12.2.2 Model-View-Controller Concept

472

12.2.3 SAPUI5 Components

473

12.2.4 Other SAPUI5 Concepts

474

12.2.5 Integration Steps

475

12.3 Other User Interface Technologies

483

12.3.1 Visual Composer

483

12.3.2 Adobe Offline Forms

484

12.3.3 Support for Custom UI Technologies

485

12.4 Summary

487

13 SAP Business Rules Management

489

13.1 How Business Rules Work

489

13.2 SAP Business Rules Management (SAP BRM)

494

13.2.1 Rules Composer

495

13.2.2 Rules Manager

497

13.2.3 Rules Engine

502

13.3 Modeling Business Rules with Rules Composer

503

13.3.1 Create the Rules Composer DC

503

13.3.2 Adding Context to the Rules

505

13.3.3 Creating a Ruleset

507

13.3.4 Flow Ruleset

514

13.4 Testing Business Rules

517

13.5 Best Practices for Modeling Business Rules

518

13.5.1 Separate Decision Logic from Other Types of Logic

519

13.5.2 Reuse and Extend before Building

519

13.6 Summary

521

14 Implementing Java Proxies

523

14.1 Java Proxy Concept and Considerations

524

14.1.1 Java Proxy Concepts

524

14.1.2 When to Use Java Proxies

525

14.2 Implementation Approaches

525

14.2.1 Outside-In Approach

525

14.2.2 Inside-Out Approach

526

14.3 Technical Implementation

527

14.3.1 Development Environment

527

14.3.2 Developing a Server Java Proxy

529

14.3.3 Developing a Client Java Proxy

546

14.4 Building an Orchestration

557

14.5 Summary

558

15 Administration and Monitoring Message Processing in SAP BPM

559

15.1 Monitoring

559

15.1.1 SAP BPM System Overview

560

15.1.2 Process Repository

561

15.1.3 Process Management

562

15.1.4 Task Management

567

15.1.5 SAP BPM Inbox

568

15.1.6 Business Logs

571

15.1.7 BPM Action Monitor

572

15.1.8 Process Troubleshooting

573

15.1.9 Rules Business Logs

573

15.1.10 BPM Analytics Dashboard

575

15.2 Administration

576

15.2.1 Process Data Archiving

576

15.2.2 Log Viewer

578

15.3 Summary

579

16 Migrating ccBPM from SAP PI to SAP PO

581

16.1 Motivation for Migration

581

16.1.1 The Past

582

16.1.2 Today

582

16.1.3 BPEL4WS is Out, BPMN 2.0 is In

583

16.2 Migration Approach

584

16.2.1 Analyze the As-Is Integration Processes

587

16.2.2 Translate and Redesign

589

16.2.3 Export and Reuse ES Repository Objects

593

16.2.4 Migrate and Adapt Configuration Scenarios

597

16.3 Recommendations

600

16.4 Summary

602

17 Other Useful Components

607

17.1 Component Model

608

17.1.1 Product

609

17.1.2 Software Components

609

17.1.3 Development Component

610

17.1.4 Dependencies among Development Components

612

17.1.5 Public Parts

615

17.2 SAP NetWeaver Development Infrastructure

618

17.2.1 CM Services

620

17.2.2 Design Time Repository

634

17.2.3 Component Build Service

637

17.3 SAP Composite Application Framework

640

17.3.1 Design Time Aspects

641

17.3.2 Runtime Aspects

647

17.4 Service Registry

648

17.5 Transport Options in SAP PO

651

17.5.1 SAP PI-Related Transports

652

17.5.2 Transports for Non-SAP PI Java Objects

655

17.6 Summary

657

18 Landscape Setup Considerations

659

18.1 Java System Configuration

659

18.1.1 Java Sizing and Setup Considerations

660

18.1.2 Java System Architecture

667

18.1.3 Java Central Services

668

18.1.4 Java Parameter Tuning

669

18.2 Handling Certificates

672

18.2.1 Certificate Key Storage

672

18.2.2 Encryption of Message Content on Database Level

672

18.3 Housekeeping

673

18.3.1 Archiving

673

18.3.2 Deletion

673

18.3.3 Restarting

673

18.3.4 Recovery

674

18.4 Monitoring

674

18.4.1 Runtime Workbench

675

18.4.2 Wily Enterprise Manager

676

18.4.3 SAP Management Console

678

18.4.4 SAP Solution Manager Monitoring

679

18.4.5 Tracing

680

18.4.6 JVMMON

682

18.5 Summary

683

Appendices

685

A Orchestration Outlook

685

A.1 SAP API Management

685

A.2 SAP HANA Cloud Integration

686

A.3 The Integration Advisor

702

B The Authors

705