Inhaltsverzeichnis

Alle Kapitel aufklappen
Alle Kapitel zuklappen
Foreword
21
SAP S/4HANA: A New ERP Platform
23
About This Book
24
Acknowledgments
25
Part I Foundation
27
1 Architecture Challenges of a Modern ERP Solution
29
1.1 Characteristics of a Modern ERP System
30
1.1.1 Even Higher Performance and Scalability
30
1.1.2 Consumer-Grade User Experience
32
1.1.3 Extensible Architecture
33
1.1.4 Intelligent ERP Processes
33
1.1.5 Simplified and Standardized Implementation
34
1.1.6 Cloud and On-Premise Deployment Models
35
1.1.7 Security, Privacy, Compliance, and Data Isolation
36
1.2 SAP S/4HANA Architecture Principles
37
1.2.1 Stable but Flexible Digital Core
37
1.2.2 Simplification with the Principle of One
37
1.2.3 Open for Innovations through Service Orientation
39
1.2.4 Modularization into (Hybrid) Integration Scenarios
40
1.2.5 Cloud First, but Not Cloud Only
40
1.2.6 Semantic Compatibility to Support Evolution with the Least Possible Disruption
41
1.3 Evolving a Cloud ERP System from the Best Possible Origins
42
1.4 Summary
42
2 Technical Architecture Foundation
43
2.1 The Virtual Data Model
43
2.1.1 Core Data Services
44
2.1.2 Naming Conventions
44
2.1.3 Structure of the Virtual Data Model
45
2.1.4 Consumption Scenarios
47
2.2 ABAP RESTful Application Programming Model
49
2.2.1 Defining and Developing Business Objects
49
2.2.2 Defining Business Services
56
2.2.3 Runtime Architecture
59
2.3 Summary
66
3 Simplified Experience
67
3.1 User Experience
67
3.1.1 SAP Fiori
67
3.1.2 User Experience Adoption Strategy
68
3.1.3 SAP Fiori Launchpad
69
3.1.4 SAP Fiori Apps
72
3.1.5 SAP Fiori Elements Apps
74
3.2 Search
77
3.2.1 Search Architecture
77
3.2.2 Enterprise Search Extensibility
80
3.3 Summary
82
4 Intelligence and Analytics
83
4.1 Analytics
83
4.1.1 SAP S/4HANA Embedded Analytics Architecture Overview
84
4.1.2 Embedded Analytical Applications
87
4.1.3 Modeling Analytical Artifacts
88
4.1.4 Analytics Extensibility
89
4.1.5 Enterprise Analytics Applications
91
4.2 Machine Learning
92
4.2.1 Machine Learning Architecture
93
4.2.2 Embedded Machine Learning
94
4.2.3 Side-By-Side Machine Learning Architecture
96
4.2.4 Machine Learning in SAP S/4HANA Applications
97
4.3 Intelligent Situation Handling
100
4.3.1 Example: Contract is Ready as Source of Supply
101
4.3.2 Technological Background
102
4.3.3 Intelligent Situation Handling Concept
104
4.3.4 User Experience
105
4.3.5 Use Case Examples
109
4.3.6 Intelligent Situation Automation
110
4.3.7 Message-Based Situation Handling
111
4.4 Summary
111
5 Extensibility
113
5.1 Key User Extensibility
113
5.1.1 Stability Criteria for Extensibility
114
5.1.2 Principles of In-App Key User Extensibility
116
5.1.3 Field Extensibility
117
5.1.4 Integration Extensibility
119
5.1.5 Custom Business Logic
119
5.1.6 Custom Business Objects
121
5.1.7 Custom CDS views
122
5.1.8 Lifecycle Management
122
5.2 Side-by-Side Extensions
123
5.2.1 Introduction to Cloud-Native Applications
124
5.2.2 SAP Cloud Platform and Programming Models
128
5.2.3 Cloud Foundry Environment
128
5.2.4 Kyma Runtime
128
5.2.5 Integrating with SAP S/4HANA Using the SAP Cloud SDK
129
5.3 Summary
134
6 Integration
137
6.1 SAP S/4HANA Integration Interface Technologies
137
6.1.1 OData Services
137
6.1.2 SOAP Services
138
6.1.3 Remote Function Call
138
6.1.4 BAPIs
138
6.1.5 IDoc
138
6.1.6 SAP S/4HANA API Strategy
139
6.2 SAP API Business Hub
139
6.3 Interface Monitoring and Error Handling with SAP Application Interface Framework
140
6.4 Communication Management in SAP S/4HANA Cloud
142
6.4.1 Communication Scenario
144
6.4.2 Communication User
144
6.4.3 Communication System
145
6.4.4 Communication Arrangement
145
6.4.5 Calling Inbound Services with User Propagation
145
6.5 Cloud Connector
146
6.5.1 Cloud Connector Principles
146
6.5.2 RFC Communication with SAP S/4HANA Cloud
148
6.6 Integration Middleware
148
6.7 Event-Based Integration
150
6.7.1 SAP Cloud Platform Enterprise Messaging
151
6.7.2 Business Events Architecture in SAP S/4HANA
152
6.7.3 Business Events in SAP S/4HANA
153
6.7.4 Event Channels and Topic Filters
154
6.8 Data Integration
154
6.8.1 CDS-Based Data Extraction
155
6.8.2 Data Replication Framework
157
6.8.3 Master Data Integration Services
158
6.9 Summary
159
7 Data Protection and Privacy
161
7.1 Compliance Base Line
162
7.2 Definitions and Principles
162
7.2.1 Basics in SAP S/4HANA
164
7.2.2 Data Subject Rights
165
7.2.3 Technical and Organizational Measures
167
7.3 Summary
169
Part II Application Architecture
171
8 Master Data
175
8.1 Product Master
175
8.1.1 Product Master Data Model
176
8.1.2 Product Hierarchy
180
8.1.3 Data Migration
182
8.1.4 Product SOAP Service API
183
8.1.5 Product Master Extensibility
183
8.1.6 Self-Service Configuration
184
8.2 Bill of Materials, Characteristics, and Configurations
185
8.2.1 Bill of Materials (BOM)
185
8.2.2 Classification System
187
8.2.3 Variant Configuration
188
8.2.4 Variant Classes
190
8.2.5 Super BOM
190
8.2.6 BOM with Class Items
191
8.2.7 Variant Configuration Profiles
191
8.2.8 Object Dependencies in Variant Configuration
191
8.2.9 User Interface and Grouping
192
8.2.10 Extensibility
192
8.2.11 High-Level and Low-Level Configuration
192
8.2.12 Embedded Analytics for Classification and Configuration Data
193
8.3 Business Partner
195
8.3.1 Architecture of Business Partner Master Data
196
8.3.2 SAP S/4HANA System Conversion Scenarios
201
8.3.3 Data Protection and Policy
203
8.3.4 Extensibility
203
8.3.5 Business Partner APIs
204
8.4 Summary
205
9 Sales
207
9.1 Architecture Overview
207
9.2 Sales Documents Structure
209
9.3 Authorizations
210
9.4 Sales Inquiries and Sales Quotations
211
9.5 Sales Order Processing
212
9.6 Sales Contracts
213
9.7 Sales Scheduling Agreements
214
9.8 Claims, Returns, and Refund Management
215
9.9 Billing
216
9.10 Sales Monitoring and Analytics
217
9.11 Pricing
220
9.12 Integration
221
9.13 Summary
222
10 Service Operations
225
10.1 Architecture Overview
225
10.2 Business Objects and Processes in Service Operations
226
10.2.1 Field Service
227
10.2.2 In-House Repair
228
10.2.3 Service Contracts
228
10.2.4 Solution Business
229
10.2.5 Interaction Center
229
10.3 Master Data and Organizational Model
229
10.3.1 Business Partner
229
10.3.2 Service Products
230
10.3.3 Organizational Units
230
10.3.4 Service Teams
230
10.3.5 Technical Objects
230
10.4 Data Model and Business Transactions Framework
231
10.4.1 Business Transactions Framework
231
10.4.2 Data Model
231
10.4.3 Transaction Type and Item Category
233
10.4.4 Common Functions for Service Transactions
233
10.4.5 Virtual Data Model
234
10.4.6 Public APIs
235
10.5 Integration
235
10.5.1 Data Exchange Manager
235
10.5.2 Backward Integration
236
10.5.3 Integration with SAP Field Service Management
237
10.5.4 User Interface Technology
237
10.6 Summary
238
11 Sourcing and Procurement
239
11.1 Architecture Overview
240
11.2 Procurement Processes
242
11.2.1 Direct Procurement
243
11.2.2 Indirect Procurement
244
11.3 Architecture of a Business Object in Procurement
244
11.4 Central Procurement
245
11.4.1 Backend Integration
248
11.5 APIs and Integration
249
11.5.1 SAP S/4HANA Procurement Integration with SAP Ariba and SAP Fieldglass
249
11.6 Analytics
253
11.7 Innovation and Intelligent Procurement
254
11.8 Summary
256
12 Logistics and Manufacturing
257
12.1 Architecture Overview
258
12.2 Organizational Units
260
12.3 Master Data Objects
261
12.4 Transactional Business Objects
262
12.5 Calculated Business Objects, Engines, and Process Control
265
12.5.1 Inventory
265
12.5.2 Available-to-Promise
267
12.5.3 Material Requirements Planning
271
12.5.4 Demand-Driven Material Requirements Planning
273
12.5.5 Kanban
274
12.5.6 Just-In-Time Processing
275
12.5.7 Predictive Material and Resource Planning
278
12.5.8 Capacity Planning
280
12.5.9 Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling
281
12.6 Cross Functions in Logistics and Manufacturing
281
12.6.1 Batch Management
282
12.6.2 Quality Management
282
12.6.3 Handling Unit Management
285
12.6.4 Serial Number Management
286
12.6.5 Inter-/Intracompany Stock Transport
287
12.7 Logistics Integration Scenarios
287
12.7.1 Warehouse Management
287
12.7.2 Manufacturing Execution Systems
288
12.8 Summary
288
13 Extended Warehouse Management
289
13.1 Architecture Overview
289
13.2 Organizational Structure
291
13.3 Master Data
292
13.4 Stock Management
292
13.5 Application Components
294
13.6 Monitoring and Reporting
297
13.7 Process Automation
297
13.8 User Interface
298
13.9 Technical Frameworks
299
13.10 Warehouse Automation
300
13.11 Summary
300
14 Finance, Governance, Risk, and Compliance
303
14.1 Finance Architecture Overview
305
14.2 Accounting
306
14.2.1 General Ledger
309
14.2.2 Fixed Asset Accounting
309
14.2.3 Inventory Accounting
311
14.2.4 Lease Accounting
313
14.2.5 Service and Sales Accounting
314
14.2.6 Group Reporting
318
14.2.7 Financial Closing
324
14.3 Tax and Legal Management
326
14.4 Enterprise Contract Management and Assembly
328
14.5 Financial Planning and Analysis
330
14.5.1 Budgetary Accounting
330
14.5.2 Predictive Accounting
332
14.5.3 Financial Planning
336
14.5.4 Margin Analysis
340
14.5.5 Overhead Cost
342
14.5.6 Production Cost
344
14.6 Payables Management
347
14.6.1 Supplier Invoicing
347
14.6.2 Open Payables Management
348
14.6.3 Automatic Payment Processing
348
14.7 Receivables Management
349
14.7.1 Open Receivables Management
350
14.7.2 Credit Evaluation and Management
354
14.7.3 Customer Invoicing
357
14.7.4 Dispute Resolution
358
14.7.5 Collection Management
360
14.7.6 Convergent Invoicing
361
14.7.7 Contract Accounting
365
14.8 Treasury Management
369
14.8.1 Advanced Payment Management
370
14.8.2 Bank Integration Using SAP Multi-Bank Connectivity
373
14.8.3 Connectivity to Payment Service Providers and Payment Gateways
374
14.8.4 Cash Management
375
14.8.5 Treasury and Risk Management
378
14.9 Central Finance
382
14.9.1 Replication
384
14.9.2 Mapping
387
14.9.3 Accounting Views of Logistics Information
388
14.9.4 Central Payment
390
14.9.5 Cross-System Process Control
391
14.10 Finance Extensibility
394
14.11 SAP Governance, Risk, and Compliance
395
14.11.1 Overview of SAP GRC Solutions
396
14.11.2 SAP GRC Solutions and SAP S/4HANA Integration
397
14.11.3 SAP S/4HANA Integration with Enterprise Risk and Compliance
398
14.11.4 SAP S/4HANA Integration with International Trade Management
399
14.11.5 SAP S/4HANA Integration with Access Governance
399
14.11.6 SAP S/4HANA Integration with SAP Privacy Governance
401
14.12 Summary
402
15 Localization in SAP S/4HANA
403
15.1 Advanced Compliance Reporting
403
15.2 Document Compliance
406
15.2.1 Motivation
406
15.2.2 Architecture Overview
407
15.2.3 Recent Developments and Future Outlook
409
15.3 Localization Toolkit for SAPS/4HANA Cloud
409
15.3.1 Components of the Toolkit
409
15.3.2 Extensibility Scenario Guides and the Community
410
15.4 Summary
411
Part III SAP S/4HANA Cloud-Specific Architecture and Operations
413
16 Scoping and Configuration
415
16.1 Configure Your Solution: Scoping and Configuration Today
417
16.1.1 Content Model of SAP Solution Builder Tool
417
16.1.2 Scoping and Deployment
419
16.2 Outlook: SAP Central Business Configuration
419
16.2.1 The Business Adaptation Catalog
420
16.2.2 The Ten Business Adaptation Catalog Commandments
422
16.2.3 Business Processes
423
16.2.4 Constraints
424
16.2.5 From Scoping to Deployment
424
16.3 Summary
424
17 Identity and Access Management
425
17.1 Architecture Concepts of Identity and Access Management
425
17.1.1 ABAP Authorization Concept
426
17.1.2 Authentication
426
17.1.3 Identity and Access Entities and Their Relationships
427
17.1.4 Identity and Access Management Tools
430
17.1.5 SAP Fiori Pages and Spaces
431
17.2 Managing Users, Roles, and Catalogs
432
17.2.1 Communication Arrangements
433
17.2.2 User Types
433
17.2.3 SAP PFCG Roles and Business Catalogs
434
17.2.4 Management of Users, Roles, and Catalogs by Customers
436
17.2.5 Auditors
438
17.3 Summary
440
18 Output Management
441
18.1 Architecture Overview
441
18.2 Printing
442
18.3 Email
444
18.4 Electronic Data Interchange
445
18.5 Form Templates
446
18.6 Output Control
447
18.7 Summary
449
19 Cloud Operations
451
19.1 SAP S/4HANA Cloud Landscape
451
19.2 Data Centers
453
19.3 Multitenancy
454
19.3.1 The System Architecture of SAP S/4HANA
455
19.3.2 Sharing the SAP HANA Database System
456
19.3.3 Sharing of ABAP System Resources
457
19.3.4 The Table Sharing Architecture in Detail
458
19.4 Software Maintenance
461
19.4.1 Maintenance Events
461
19.4.2 Blue-Green Deployment
462
19.5 Built-in Support
463
19.5.1 Support Journey without Built-in Support
464
19.5.2 Built-in Support Architecture
466
19.6 Summary
468
20 Sizing and Performance in the Cloud
471
20.1 Performance-Optimized Programming
471
20.1.1 Minimal Number of Network Round Trips and Transferred Data Volume
472
20.1.2 Content Delivery Networks
474
20.1.3 Buffers and Caches
474
20.1.4 Nonerratic Performance
475
20.2 Sizing
475
20.2.1 Example for Greenfield Sizing
476
20.2.2 Brownfield Sizing
478
20.3 Elasticity and Fair Resource Sharing
478
20.3.1 Dynamic Capacity Management
479
20.4 Sustainability
481
20.5 Summary
483
21 Cloud Security and Compliance
485
21.1 Network and Data Security Architecture
485
21.1.1 Access Levels
486
21.1.2 Resource and Data Separation
487
21.1.3 Resource Sharing
487
21.1.4 Data Security and Data Residency
488
21.1.5 Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery
488
21.2 Security Processes
488
21.2.1 Security Configuration Compliance Monitoring
488
21.2.2 Security Event Management and Incident Response
489
21.2.3 Infrastructure Vulnerability Scanning
489
21.2.4 Malware Management
489
21.2.5 Security Patch Management
489
21.2.6 User Management
490
21.2.7 Hacking Simulation
490
21.3 Certification and Compliance
490
21.3.1 SAP Operations
490
21.3.2 SAP Software Development
491
21.4 Summary
491
22 Outlook
493
A The Authors
495
Editors
495
Authors
496
Index
513