Inhaltsverzeichnis

Alle Kapitel aufklappen
Alle Kapitel zuklappen
Acknowledgments
19
Introduction
21
1 Project Planning
27
1.1 Why Upgrade?
27
1.1.1 New Possibilities, Features, and Functionality
28
1.1.2 Outdated SAP Version
28
1.1.3 Release Support and Maintenance Costs
28
1.1.4 Installing Support Packages versus Upgrading
29
1.1.5 To Unicode, or Not to Unicode: That Is the Question
29
1.1.6 SAP HANA
29
1.1.7 Upgrading Is a Normal Activity
30
1.2 Estimating the Effort
30
1.2.1 The Technical Upgrade
30
1.2.2 The Number of SAP Objects Modified
31
1.2.3 Custom Developments
34
1.2.4 ABAP Unicode Syntax Requirements
37
1.2.5 Obsolete Transactions
37
1.2.6 Obsolete Custom-Developed Programs
39
1.2.7 Estimating the Functional Effort
39
1.2.8 Business Example: Upgrade from ECC 5.0 to ECC 6.0 EHP 7
39
1.2.9 Estimating the Technical Upgrade Runtime for the Production System
41
1.3 Pre-Upgrade Considerations
42
1.3.1 What Is the Level of Effort?
42
1.3.2 Which Release to Choose?
42
1.3.3 Where to Start?
43
1.4 Factors Influencing the Complexity of an Upgrade
43
1.4.1 Technology-Related Factors
44
1.4.2 Project-Related Factors
59
1.4.3 Business-Related Factors
63
1.4.4 Forgotten Factors
64
1.5 The Project Team
65
1.5.1 Project Management Team
65
1.5.2 Technical Upgrade Team
66
1.5.3 Functional Work Groups
67
1.5.4 Staffing the Internal versus External Resources
67
1.6 The SAP Upgrade Project: Steps
71
1.6.1 Upgrade Scope
71
1.6.2 Planning Levels
71
1.6.3 Critical Success Factors
72
1.6.4 Scheduling an Upgrade
73
1.7 Outlining the Upgrade Plan
74
1.7.1 Master Project Plan
74
1.7.2 Action Plan
76
1.7.3 Status Reporting
80
1.8 The Testing Phase
81
1.8.1 Test Focus
81
1.8.2 Test Scenarios
82
1.8.3 Test Stages and Test Progression
83
1.8.4 Test Tools
86
1.9 SAP Solution Manager and the SAP Upgrade Roadmap
88
1.10 Summary
89
2 Technical Information and Planning
91
2.1 The SAP NetWeaver Architecture
91
2.1.1 SAP Enterprise Portal/SAPUI5
92
2.1.2 SAP Process Orchestration
93
2.1.3 SAP Business Warehouse
93
2.1.4 Application Platform
93
2.1.5 Classical Database and SAP HANA
94
2.2 An Overview of SAP ERP and SAP Releases
95
2.2.1 SAP ERP
95
2.2.2 Core Releases
98
2.2.3 Support Packages
98
2.2.4 Enhancement Packages
100
2.2.5 The Software Update Manager
101
2.3 The System Switch Upgrade
102
2.4 Upgrade Strategy and Runtime
104
2.5 Database-Specific Aspects
107
2.6 The SAP Landscape during the Upgrade
109
2.6.1 Scenario 1: The Sandbox System
111
2.6.2 Scenario 2: Extra Development and Quality Assurance Systems
113
2.6.3 Scenario 3: Contingency System
114
2.7 Upgrading the Frontend Software
116
2.8 The Application-Specific Upgrade Toolbox
116
2.9 Upgrade of Dual-Stack Systems
117
2.9.1 Dual-Stack Split
119
2.9.2 Upgrade Process of Dual-Stack System
120
2.9.3 Technical Implementation
121
2.10 Upgrades in an MCOD System Landscape
122
2.11 Summary
124
3 Preparing for the Technical Upgrade
125
3.1 Upgrade Documentation
126
3.1.1 The Upgrade Guides
126
3.1.2 The Upgrade Notes
131
3.1.3 Creating Your Own Documentation
133
3.2 Upgrade Services
137
3.2.1 SAP GoingLive Functional Upgrade Check
137
3.2.2 SAP Safeguarding for Upgrade
137
3.2.3 Upgrade Dependency Analyzer (UDA)
138
3.2.4 Additional Upgrade Services
140
3.3 Hardware and Software Requirements
141
3.3.1 SAP Platform Availability Matrix (PAM)
142
3.3.2 SAP Solution Manager System
143
3.3.3 Capacity Requirements
144
3.3.4 Disk Space Requirements
146
3.3.5 Informix No Longer Supported
148
3.4 The Upgrade Directory
149
3.4.1 ABAP Upgrade Directory: Path, Location, and Subdirectories
149
3.4.2 Java Upgrade Directory: Path, Location, and Subdirectories
152
3.5 The Upgrade Media
154
3.5.1 Packages and Downloads
154
3.5.2 Selecting the Media Needed for the Upgrade
155
3.5.3 File Formats for Downloads
157
3.6 Support and Enhancement Packages
158
3.6.1 The Maintenance Optimizer
158
3.6.2 Selecting and Downloading the SP Stack with the Maintenance Optimizer
159
3.6.3 Stack Configuration Files
164
3.7 The Download Directory
165
3.8 Summary
166
4 A Guided Tour of the Upgrade Tools
167
4.1 Obtaining the SUM
168
4.1.1 Download the Software
168
4.1.2 Download the Documentation
169
4.1.3 The SUM Note
171
4.1.4 Other Guides and Notes
173
4.2 Setting up the SUM
175
4.2.1 Planning Disk Space
175
4.2.2 Software on the Server
178
4.2.3 Software on the Workstation
178
4.2.4 Extraction
179
4.2.5 SUM Roles: Administrator and Observer
180
4.2.6 Giving the SUM a Trial Run
181
4.2.7 Connection between SAP Server and Workstation
189
4.3 Using the SUM
193
4.3.1 The File Menu
193
4.3.2 The User Menu
194
4.3.3 The Alert Menu
195
4.3.4 The Update Menu
196
4.3.5 The ABAP Menu
197
4.3.6 The Java Menu
198
4.3.7 The Help Function
199
4.4 Special Features of the SUM
200
4.4.1 Setting Breakpoints (ABAP)
200
4.4.2 Setting Breakpoints (Java)
202
4.4.3 Reinitializing the Administrator password
203
4.4.4 Starting the GUI on Nondefault Ports
203
4.5 Summary
204
5 Upgrading the ABAP System
205
5.1 Planning the ABAP Upgrade
207
5.2 ABAP Upgrade Timeline
209
5.2.1 Downtime before the Upgrade
209
5.2.2 System Availability during the ABAP Upgrade
210
5.2.3 System Resources and Upgrade Scenarios
212
5.2.4 Near-Zero Downtime Maintenance (nZDM)
214
5.2.5 Backups
215
5.2.6 Downtime after Go-Live
217
5.2.7 Time Schedule during the Technical Upgrade
218
5.3 The Shadow Repository and Shadow Instance
220
5.4 The ABAP Upgrade Directory
220
5.5 SAPup
223
5.6 Starting the ABAP Upgrade
228
5.6.1 Prerequisites
228
5.6.2 Software Update Manager Roadmap Steps
232
5.7 Initialization Roadmap Step
232
5.8 Extraction Roadmap Step
239
5.9 Configuration Roadmap Step
244
5.9.1 Upgrade Strategy
244
5.9.2 Configuring the Downtime-Minimized Strategy
246
5.9.3 Package Inclusion
250
5.9.4 Patch Binding
253
5.9.5 Customer Transport
254
5.9.6 Requests for SPDD and SPAU
255
5.9.7 Shadow Instance
257
5.9.8 List of Upgrade Files
259
5.10 Checks Roadmap Step
259
5.10.1 Saving Variants
259
5.10.2 The ASU Toolbox
260
5.11 Preprocessing Roadmap Step
263
5.11.1 Error Stop for Update Requests
264
5.11.2 Development and Transport Lock
265
5.11.3 Unattended Run to Modification Adjustment Stop
267
5.11.4 Stop for Modification Adjustment
267
5.11.5 The Activation Phase ACT_UPG
270
5.11.6 Activation Errors
272
5.11.7 Incremental Conversion (ICNV)
277
5.11.8 Remaining Phases until Downtime
284
5.11.9 Actions before Entering Downtime
284
5.11.10 Start of Downtime
288
5.11.11 Backup Database and SUM Directory
289
5.11.12 Disable Database Archiving
290
5.11.13 Restart the Upgrade
290
5.12 Execution Roadmap Step
291
5.12.1 Logging On to SAP during Downtime
292
5.12.2 Unlock the System to Correct Errors
292
5.12.3 The Switch Phases: EU_SWITCH and KX_SWITCH_1
293
5.12.4 Table Conversion Phase PARCONV_UPG
293
5.12.5 Control Data Import: TABIM_UPG
293
5.12.6 The XPRAS Phases
294
5.12.7 Kernel Update Request for ASCS
296
5.12.8 End of Technical Downtime
297
5.13 Postprocessing and Finalization Roadmap Steps
299
5.13.1 Restore Variants
299
5.13.2 SPAU Information
299
5.13.3 Prepare Evaluation and Save Upgrade Logs
300
5.13.4 Final Upgrade Status
300
5.13.5 End of the Upgrade
304
5.14 Upgrade Postprocessing Activities for ABAP
306
5.14.1 Actions at the Operating System Level
307
5.14.2 Actions at Database Level
308
5.14.3 Actions in the SAP System
309
5.15 After the Upgrade
320
5.16 Troubleshooting
320
5.16.1 Error Stop in the SUM
321
5.16.2 Resetting the Upgrade
323
5.16.3 Troubleshooting Information in the Upgrade Guides
324
5.16.4 Upgrade Logs
324
5.16.5 Reporting the Problem to SAP
325
5.17 Summary
325
6 Upgrading the Java System
327
6.1 Planning and Preparation
328
6.1.1 Free Disk Space
328
6.1.2 Upgrade Timing
330
6.1.3 System Resources
330
6.1.4 Backups
331
6.1.5 Java Virtual Machine versus SAPJVM
331
6.1.6 Java Memory Settings
332
6.1.7 Actions for the SDM
332
6.1.8 Systems with Multiple Instances (SAP NetWeaver 2004)
332
6.1.9 Credentials and Passwords
333
6.2 Starting the Upgrade
333
6.3 Upgrade Process
334
6.3.1 Initialization Roadmap Step
336
6.3.2 Extraction Roadmap Step
342
6.3.3 Configuration Roadmap Step
343
6.3.4 Checks Roadmap Step
352
6.3.5 Preprocessing Roadmap Step
353
6.3.6 Upgrade Reaches Downtime
356
6.3.7 Execution Roadmap Step
358
6.3.8 Postprocessing and Finalization Roadmap Steps
359
6.4 Postprocessing
362
6.4.1 Backup
362
6.4.2 Reinstall Application Servers (Source Release SAP NetWeaver 2004)
362
6.4.3 Activities for Root (UNIX/Linux)
362
6.4.4 System-Specific Postprocessing
363
6.5 Summary
363
7 Modification Adjustment
365
7.1 Modification Adjustment Transactions
365
7.2 Run Transaction SPDD
367
7.2.1 Logging On
368
7.2.2 Enable Development Changes
368
7.2.3 Calling SPDD
369
7.3 The SPDD Object List
370
7.3.1 Hierarchy
371
7.3.2 Modification Status and Adjusting Objects
372
7.4 How to Handle Modifications
376
7.4.1 General Procedure
376
7.4.2 Reset to Original
376
7.4.3 Custom Fields Added to Tables or Structures
377
7.4.4 Field Format Changes
381
7.4.5 Technical Settings for a Table
382
7.4.6 Indexes, Data Elements, and Domains
382
7.5 Post-Modification Steps
386
7.5.1 Registering the SPDD Transport for Later Use
386
7.5.2 Start Activation
387
7.6 Modification Adjustment with SPAU and SPAU_ENH
387
7.7 Summary
388
8 Upgrading SAP Business Warehouse
389
8.1 Software Components
390
8.2 SAP Business Warehouse Architecture
391
8.3 Specific Upgrade Tasks for SAP BW
392
8.3.1 Checking Connections to the Backend Systems
393
8.3.2 Checking the Logical System Name
393
8.3.3 Checking Number Ranges
394
8.3.4 Checking Inconsistent InfoObjects
395
8.3.5 Converting Data Classes of InfoCubes
397
8.3.6 Migrating InfoPackage Groups to Process Chains
399
8.3.7 Migrating to the New Reporting Authorization Concept
400
8.3.8 Checking for Incompatibilities with Source Release SAP BW 3.5
400
8.3.9 Creating and Running Reports for Open Hub
401
8.3.10 Applying Corrections to Prevent the Loss of Function Groups
401
8.3.11 Checking for Discontinued Query Features
401
8.3.12 Preparing the System for Change Data Type for Characteristics
402
8.3.13 Executing Automated Housekeeping Tasks
403
8.3.14 Executing Automated Before-Upgrade Tasks
404
8.4 The Preparation and Upgrade Process for SAP Business Warehouse
406
8.4.1 During Preparation
406
8.4.2 During the Upgrade
408
8.5 Upgrade Postprocessing for SAP Business Warehouse
409
8.5.1 Overview of SAP BW Postprocessing Actions
409
8.5.2 Installing the Java Components
410
8.5.3 Postprocessing Activities for BI Java
410
8.6 Summary
412
9 Upgrading SAP SCM
413
9.1 SAP APO Components
414
9.1.1 Upgrade of liveCache and Optimizer
415
9.1.2 Integration with SAP ERP
415
9.2 SAP SCM Architecture
416
9.2.1 Platform Support for liveCache and Optimizer
416
9.2.2 Virtualization
418
9.3 Dependencies between SAP SCM and Backend Systems
419
9.4 Functional Aspects during the Technical Upgrade
420
9.5 Technical Upgrade Preparation, Documentation, and Media
421
9.5.1 Additional Documents and Notes
422
9.5.2 Additional Upgrade Media
422
9.6 The Technical Upgrade Process for SAP SCM
423
9.7 /SAPAPO/OM_LC_UPGRADE_70 Section A
427
9.7.1 Delete Downloaded Table and Logs (Action A1)
428
9.7.2 Delete Superfluous Planning Versions (A2)
428
9.7.3 Consistency Check (A3)
428
9.7.4 Consistency Check for Activities Data (A4)
429
9.7.5 liveCache/LCA Build Checks (A5)
429
9.7.6 Consistency Checks for DP/SNP Time Series (A6)
429
9.7.7 Consistency Check for Time Streams (A7)
430
9.7.8 Resume the Upgrade
430
9.8 Entering Downtime
431
9.9 /SAPAPO/OM_LC_UPGRADE_70 Section B
431
9.9.1 Repeat Consistency Checks
431
9.9.2 Check Space in the Database
432
9.9.3 Download liveCache Data (B1)
432
9.9.4 Stop liveCache (B2)
433
9.9.5 Complete Backup (B3)
433
9.10 Upgrade Downtime Phases
433
9.11 liveCache Upgrade
434
9.11.1 Upgrade the Management GUI
435
9.11.2 Obtain User Access on the liveCache Server
435
9.11.3 Stop Other liveCache and SAP MaxDB Instances on the Server
436
9.11.4 Execute the Upgrade Script
436
9.11.5 Install the liveCache Client Software
437
9.11.6 Start/Stop Test
438
9.11.7 Adapt liveCache Parameters
438
9.11.8 Parameter Check
439
9.11.9 Final Actions
441
9.12 Optimizer Upgrade
441
9.13 /SAPAPO/OM_LC_UPGRADE_70 Section C
445
9.13.1 Maintain Logical Database Connection (C1)
446
9.13.2 Refresh Database Statistics (C2)
446
9.13.3 Load Master Data (C3)
446
9.13.4 Upload liveCache Data (C4)
446
9.13.5 Compare liveCache with Download (C5)
447
9.13.6 Convert Transport Requests (C6)
447
9.13.7 liveCache/LCA Build Checks (C7)
447
9.13.8 Activate Logging (C8)
447
9.13.9 Complete Backup (C9)
448
9.13.10 Start CIF Queues (C10)
448
9.14 Final Upgrade Phases
448
9.15 Prepare for Return to Production
448
9.16 /SAPAPO/OM_LC_UPGRADE_70 Section D
449
9.17 Summary
449
10 Upgrading SAP CRM
451
10.1 SAP CRM Architecture
451
10.1.1 SAP CRM Server
451
10.1.2 SAP CRM Mobile Client Component
454
10.1.3 SAP NetWeaver Search and Classification
455
10.2 SAP CRM Specific Tasks
455
10.2.1 Connections to Backend Systems
455
10.2.2 Dependency of SAP CRM on Other SAP Applications
456
10.2.3 SAP CRM Java Components
456
10.3 The Preparation and Upgrade Process for SAP CRM
457
10.3.1 During Preparation
457
10.3.2 During the Upgrade
457
10.4 Upgrade Postprocessing for SAP CRM
462
10.4.1 Internet Pricing and Configurator
462
10.4.2 Follow-Up Activities for the Middleware
463
10.4.3 Reregistering Inbound Queues
465
10.4.4 Rereleasing Replication and Realignment Queues
465
10.4.5 Other Upgrade Postprocessing Steps
465
10.4.6 SAP CRM Java Components
466
10.5 Upgrading SAP CRM Mobile Client Components
467
10.6 Summary
468
11 Upgrading SAP SRM
469
11.1 SAP SRM Architecture
469
11.1.1 SAP SRM Server
470
11.1.2 SAP ERP
471
11.1.3 SAP BW
472
11.1.4 SAP NetWeaver Search and Classification
472
11.1.5 SAP NetWeaver Master Data Management
472
11.2 Specific Tasks for SAP SRM
473
11.2.1 Connections to Backend Systems
473
11.2.2 Dependency of SAP SRM on Other SAP Applications
473
11.2.3 Preparation
475
11.2.4 During the Upgrade
475
11.2.5 Upgrade Postprocessing
478
11.2.6 SAP SRM Java Components
481
11.3 Summary
483
12 Upgrading the SAP Enterprise Portal
485
12.1 SAP Enterprise Portal Architecture
485
12.1.1 SAP Enterprise Portal Add-Ons
487
12.1.2 SAP Enterprise Portal Services
488
12.1.3 SAP Enterprise Portal Standalone Engines
489
12.2 SAP Enterprise Portal Upgrade Approach
490
12.3 Upgrade Preparation and Process
492
12.3.1 Dual-Stack Split
492
12.3.2 Revert to Default Desktop
492
12.3.3 The Universal Worklist
493
12.3.4 Wiki and Forums
493
12.3.5 Knowledge Management and Collaboration
494
12.4 Upgrade Postprocessing for the SAP Enterprise Portal
495
12.4.1 The Universal Worklist
495
12.4.2 Knowledge Management and Collaboration
495
12.4.3 Migrating Portal Applications
496
12.5 Summary
496
13 Upgrading SAP Process Integration and SAP Process Orchestration
497
13.1 SAP Process Integration versus SAP Process Orchestration
498
13.2 In-Place Upgrade versus Side-by-Side Migration
500
13.2.1 Decision Factors
500
13.2.2 Advantages/Disadvantages
502
13.3 Side-by-Side Deployment
504
13.3.1 Migration Plan
504
13.3.2 Directory Content Migration Tool
505
13.4 In-Place Upgrade
507
13.4.1 Preparation Activities
507
13.4.2 Follow-Up Activities
510
13.5 Summary
513
14 Upgrading SAP Solution Manager
515
14.1 SAP Solution Manager 7.1 Infrastructure
516
14.1.1 System Landscape Database
516
14.1.2 Landscape Management Database
517
14.1.3 SAP Host and Diagnostic Agents
518
14.1.4 CA Wily Introscope
518
14.2 Upgrade Approach
518
14.2.1 System Architecture
518
14.2.2 Upgrade versus New Installation
519
14.2.3 The Upgrade Planning Tool
519
14.2.4 The SAP Landscape during the Upgrade
522
14.3 The Preparation and Upgrade Process for SAP Solution Manager
523
14.3.1 How to Upgrade SAP Solution Manager
523
14.3.2 Updating the SLD Content to the Latest Version
523
14.3.3 Upgrade to SAP Solution Manager 7.1
524
14.3.4 Set End-to-End Root-Cause Analysis in Maintenance Mode
524
14.3.5 Upgrade CA Wily Introscope Enterprise Manager
527
14.3.6 Upgrade the SAP Host and Diagnostics Agents on All Managed Systems
527
14.3.7 SAP Solution Manager Add-Ons
529
14.4 Post-Upgrade Activities
530
14.4.1 Perform Delta Configuration of SAP Solution Manager and Managed Systems
530
14.4.2 Repeat Managed Systems Configuration (Only for SAP PI/PO Systems)
531
14.5 Summary
532
Appendices
533
A SAP Releases and Upgrade Paths
535
A.1 SAP NetWeaver and SAP Basis Releases
535
A.2 SAP ERP Releases
537
B Database Transaction Log Modes
541
C SAP Notes
543
D References
549
D.1 SAP Service Marketplace
549
D.2 SAP Installation and Documentation Manuals
549
D.3 SAP NetWeaver How-To Guides
551
E SAP NetWeaver Search and Classification (TREX)
553
F Single Code Pages
555
G The Authors
557
Index
559